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從物

從物拉丁語appurtenances 、德語:Zubehör)為不屬於主物成分、與主物同屬一人所有及可協助主物的效用的物,主物與從物的劃分如交易上有特別習慣者,則依習慣為優先考量;從物的處分[註 1]效果及所有權歸屬與主物相同。如汽車的備胎、燈的燈罩、腳踏車的鈴鐺、小船的槳、電視遙控器等皆屬之[1]。從物一般須具備以下要件:[2]

為獨立之物

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主物與從物皆屬獨立之物,從物並非主物的成分,因一物一權,所以主物與從物共有兩個所有權[註 2][1]動產不動產皆能作為從物[3][2]

常助主物的效用

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依照從物的性質,需恆常性地協助主物經濟目的的效用,從物與主物具有功能性的關聯,並有主從關係[3][2]

須與主物屬同一人所有

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主物與從物同屬一人,可維持使用該物的便利性,並維護經濟上的利益[3];主物與從物如分屬兩人,將無法發揮從物的效用,也可能減少主物的效用,所以法律規定主物處分的效力及於從物,以避免減損物的價值及妨害經濟上的效用[1],但當事人另有約定,則依當事人約定。[2]

交易上無特別習慣

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一般習慣上如對某物判斷為主物或從物,應優先適用交易習慣,交易上認為裝糧食的麻袋、西式火爐的煙囪並不屬於從物。[3][2]

參見

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注释

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  1. ^ 此指廣義的處分,包括物權行為債權行為
  2. ^ 兩個所有權指主物與其中一個從物而言,並非指主物與所有的從物

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 吳律師,《民法總則》,頁6-14,2009年8月,ISBN 978-957-814-101-8
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 頁96,《法律百科全書IV 民法》-主物與從物,三民書局,2008年2月,ISBN 978-957-41-5160-8
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 王澤鑑,《民法總則》,頁242
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從物
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