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徐偃王

徐偃王姓,是中国历史上西周时期徐国的国君。他在位的时期,徐国非常强盛,疆域一直扩张到今江苏、安徽长江以北及山东南部的广大地区。

《后汉书·东夷传》:“地方五百里”,向他进贡“三十有六国”,意思就是指徐偃王在位大行仁义,得到百姓拥护。在这一时期,有36个徐国的邻国向徐朝贡[1]。国力强盛了之后,徐偃王大举进攻周朝首都,迫使周穆王“分东方诸侯命徐偃王主之。”[1]后周穆王亲征,并借助楚国军力打败徐国[2],此后徐偃王于彭城武原县(今江苏徐州市邳州市戴莊镇武原故城)一带山林隐居(一说被周军所杀)。葬在鄞县东钱湖畔[3]。周穆王封其子孙为徐子,继续统治徐国。

对于楚国讨伐徐偃王一事,韩非子提到“荆文王恐其害己也,举兵伐徐,遂灭之”。但是楚文王在位的年代与周穆王在位的年代相去甚远,可见周穆王未曾亲征徐偃王,徐偃王是春秋战国时期的徐国国君。而春秋左氏传又指徐国被吴国所灭,得以知之楚王此次伐灭的仅是徐王而非徐国。甚至还有人认为,徐偃王实为宋王偃,偃称王时宋国已经迁都于原徐国境内的彭城,这跟魏国国君迁都大梁后自称梁王是相似的理念。[4]

評價

郦道元水经注》载:“偃王治国,仁义著闻,欲舟行上国,乃导沟陈蔡间,得朱弓赤矢,以得天瑞,自称偃王。江淮诸侯,从者三十六国。周王闻之,遣使至楚,令代伐之。偃王爱民不斗,遂为楚败。”

参见

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 後漢書卷八十五 東夷列傳 第七十五
  2. ^ 元和郡县志
  3. ^ 《延右志》载其墓在“县东四十里隐学山,旧名栖贞。”
  4. ^ 參徐炳昶《中國古史的傳說時代页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)》第五章<徐偃王與徐楚在淮南勢力的消長>「對於徐偃王史蹟的檢討」一節。
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徐偃王
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