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彭德清 (明朝)

彭德清(?—?),江西承宣布政使司吉安府安福縣人,明朝天文学家、历法家。

生平

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正统十二年(1447年),担任钦天监监正的彭德清提议铸造铜仪,同时测验北京北极出地度数和太阳出入时刻,得到明英宗的批准[1]。正统十四年,明英宗同意将此前大统历日中的二至日出和日入时刻由原来的南京值改为新测的北京值,史称“正统己巳改历”[2]。同年八月,明英宗亲征瓦剌,彭德清上书以“象纬示警”,反对亲征,但遭到王振的斥责[3]

土木之变后,明景帝即位,主张明朝历法仍以位置最中央的南京为标准,遂将历法恢复至永乐年间旧历[4][5]。彭德清曾与王振有私交,午門血案后,陳鎰奉明景帝旨,籍没彭德清等人全家[6]

参考

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  1. ^ 陈遵妫著. 中国天文学史 上. 上海:上海人民出版社. 2006.07: 159. ISBN 7-208-05394-4. 
  2. ^ (明)沈德符撰;杨万里校点. 历代笔记小说大观 万历野获编 中. 上海:上海古籍出版社. 2012.11: 442. ISBN 978-7-5325-6359-3. 
  3. ^ 《明史紀事本末》(卷32):“八月戊申朔,至大同。振又欲进兵北行,邝请回銮,振矫旨令与王佐随老营。乘马蹀躞而前,坠地几殆。王佐竟日跪伏草中请还。钦天监正彭德清斥振曰:“象纬示警,不可复前。若有疏虞,陷乘舆于草莽,谁执其咎?”学士曹鼐曰:“臣子固不足惜,主上系天下安危,岂可轻进!”振怒曰:“倘有此,亦天命也!
  4. ^ 吕凌峰,李亮著. 明朝文化研究丛书 科技明朝. 南京:南京出版社. 2015.07: 24–29. ISBN 978-7-5533-0825-8. 
  5. ^ (清)阮元撰. 畴人传合编校注. 郑州:中州古籍出版社. 2012.12: 257. ISBN 978-7-5348-3806-4. 
  6. ^ (清)谷應泰,《明史紀事本末》(卷33):“丙子,移王座入奉天門左受朝。陳鎰奉令旨,籍振並其黨彭德清等家。”
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彭德清 (明朝)
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