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张卫

张卫(2世纪—3世纪),字公则中国东汉末年政治人物、天師道人物,割据汉中军阀镇民中郎将领汉宁太守张鲁之弟。[1]

生平

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建安二十年(215年),丞相曹操征张鲁,七月,到阳平关,张鲁派五官掾前去举汉中投降,张卫不肯,和部将杨昂率众数万守关,横山筑城十馀里。曹操本来听信凉州从事和武都降人的话,以为张鲁易攻,但与张卫对峙三日,却不能攻下阳平山上诸屯,士卒多伤亡,粮食也将尽,于是决意退军,派大将军夏侯惇、将军许褚召回攻山的军队。但是曹操前军在夜间迷了路,误入了张卫的大营,当夜又有数千野麋踩坏张卫大营,于是张卫军退散。侍中辛毗刘晔等在后,将此情报知夏侯惇、许褚,二将不信。夏侯惇亲自看到后,才告诉曹操,刘晔也建议曹操回攻,于是曹操派解𢢼、高祚等回击,斩将杨任,误遇张卫军,高祚等多鸣鼓角,张卫害怕,以为曹操大军到了,于是遁走(一作投降,或被曹操军斩杀)。张鲁奔巴中,投降曹操。[2][3][4][5][6]

张卫后为昭义将军,又弃官学道,传说白日飞升成仙。[1]

民間藝術

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在历史小说《三国演义》中,左将军刘备攻打益州刘璋时,张鲁与张卫商议,决定出兵帮助刘璋,并派之前投奔自己的偏将军马超前去,后来张鲁却中了刘备的离间计,派张卫兵分七路守关不让马超回军,最终促成马超投降刘备。曹操攻打阳平关时,杨昂、杨任中计战败,张卫闻讯便弃关而走。后曹操攻汉中,张卫建议张鲁焚烧仓廪府库,再奔巴中,张鲁虽然出奔巴中,但没有焚烧仓库,只是封锁。张卫与张鲁同奔巴中,曹操又劝张鲁投降,张鲁想投降,张卫不肯。曹操亲征巴中,张鲁派张卫领兵出战许褚,张卫被许褚斩于马下。

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 《汉天师世家·卷之二》:弟卫,字公则,为昭义将军,弃官学道,白日冲举。
  2. ^ 三国志》卷一武帝纪
  3. ^ 《三国志》卷八张鲁传及注引《魏名臣奏》载<董昭表><杨暨表>、《魏晋世语
  4. ^ 《三国志》卷一十四刘晔传
  5. ^ 《后汉书》卷七十五刘焉列传
  6. ^ 资治通鉴》卷六十七
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张卫
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