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張性

在紅血球細胞裡發生的滲透現象。

張性(英語:tonicity)又称涨度[1]滲壓性[2],在化学生物学中,是有效渗透压梯度(effective osmotic pressure gradient)的度量,也是细胞膜(半透膜)隔开的两溶液水势[3]。张性决定了渗透通量的方向和大小。

张性取决于选择性不透膜溶质在细胞膜两侧的相对浓度,亦即决定于细胞膜的半透性与细胞内液及细胞外液的渗透浓度[4],常用于描述浸泡在外部溶液中细胞的肿胀与皱缩反应。

高張(hypertonicity)

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當细胞置於高張溶液(hypertonic solution)中,细胞內的滲透壓會小於細胞外的滲透壓,细胞內的溶質濃度會低於細胞外的溶質濃度,细胞內的水勢會高於細胞外的水勢,細胞外可以穿過細胞膜的物質(不包含)便會擴散到細胞內(擴散作用),水會從細胞內滲透到细胞外(滲透作用[3]

低張(hypotonicity)

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當细胞置於低張溶液(hypotonic solution)中,细胞內的滲透壓會大於細胞外的滲透壓,细胞內的溶質濃度會高於細胞外的溶質濃度,细胞內的水勢會小於細胞外的水勢,細胞內可以穿過細胞膜的物質(不包含)便會擴散到細胞外(擴散作用),水會從細胞外滲透到细胞內(滲透作用[3]

等張(isotonicity)

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當细胞置於等張溶液[5][6](isotonic solution)中,细胞內的滲透壓等於細胞外的滲透壓,细胞內的溶質濃度等於細胞外的溶質濃度,细胞內的水勢等於細胞外的水勢,水滲透出入細胞的速度相同,水沒有淨流入或淨流出細胞[3]

等渗溶液:与血浆渗透压相等的溶液。例如质量分数为0.9%的氯化钠溶液或质量分数为5%的葡萄糖溶液。

參考資料

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  1. ^ 卓仁松. 英汉植物生理学词汇. 福建科学技术出版社. 1982: 273 [2024-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-15). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2024-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-15). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Sperelakis, Nicholas. Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics. Academic Press. 2011: 288. ISBN 978-0-12-387738-3. 
  4. ^ 鄂永昌. 生物学词典. 科学出版社. 1997: 1156 [2024-03-15]. ISBN 9787030006660. (原始内容存档于2024-03-15). 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2024-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-15). 
  6. ^ 存档副本. [2024-03-15]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-15). 
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張性
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