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張公素

張公素(9世纪—?),唐朝軍閥,于872年至875年间擔任幽州节度使(军部在今北京),并实质独立于朝廷。

生平

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張公素生年不详。他来自幽州军部范陽,为曾任幽州节度使的张仲武的从弟。回鹘宰相赤心一族向东威胁渔阳,张仲武与张公素率部下劲卒三万大破之,收其侯王贵族千余人,收降三万余人,获牛马橐驼旃墙帐幕等不可胜计。[1]唐懿宗咸通年间(860年-874年),张公素在幽州节度使张允伸手下为列将,最后官至平州(在今河北秦皇岛刺史[2][3]

咸通十三年(872年)二月,张允伸去世。唐懿宗最初任其子张简会留后。张公素率平州军向卢龙军部幽州行进,参加张允伸的葬礼。由于卢龙军士素来敬张公素威望,张简会害怕他是来攻打自己的,也知道制不住他,三月,逃到了长安。张公素得军中推举,自称留后[4][3]四月,唐懿宗就任张公素为留后,六月又任他为全权的节度使。[5]

任节度使

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十四年(873年)二月,因振武节度使李国昌作乱杀害云州防御使段文楚,懿宗诏河东节度使崔彦昭与张公素率师讨之,[4]无功。[6]七月,唐懿宗驾崩,子唐僖宗继位,九月加张公素同中書門下平章事宰相头衔。[5]

张公素任节度使后,性情變為残暴粗鲁,常以眼白示人,故被称作“白眼相公”,军士开始不再依附他。[7]乾符二年(875年),回鹘阿布思军官李茂勳计划反叛他。当时,幽州軍人很信服纳降军使陈贡言。李茂勳将陈贡言袭杀后,夺其军权,进军幽州,自称是陈贡言的先锋部队。张公素迎战,兵败,逃到长安。[3]当李茂勳进入幽州,人们才知道这不是陈贡言,但也只能支持李茂勳了。[5]

僖宗贬张公素为复州(在今陕西汉中司户参军[2][3]这是关于张公素的最后的记载。

评价

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  • 《旧唐书》
    • 史臣曰:(幽州)二百余年,自相崇树,虽朝廷有时命帅,而土人多务逐君。习苦忘非,尾大不掉,非一朝一夕之故也。……如朱克融杨志诚史元忠、张公素、李可举李全忠,以不仁得之,靡更曩志。或寻为篡夺,或仅传子孙,咸非令终,盖其宜也。
    • 赞曰:……余因篡得,不仁何逃?[2]

延伸阅读

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:舊唐書/卷180》,出自刘昫舊唐書
维基文库中的相关文本:新唐書·卷212》,出自《新唐書

参考资料

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張公素
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