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张从正.
張從正(1156年—1228年),字子和,號戴人,睢州考城(今河南蘭考縣)人,金朝醫家。
自幼喜讀書,經史百家無不涉獵,性格豪放,不拘细节,世代從醫,對醫學造詣尤深,精於《內經》、《難經》、《傷寒论》,繼承了劉完素的學術思想[1]。興定年間為太醫,但不久辭退。張先生是金元四大家的“攻下派”,所用的方子為“汗、吐、下”三法,故稱之為攻下派,傳麻知幾、常仲明、張伯全等人。所謂的“汗、吐、下”三法,並非單純的發汗、嘔吐、泄下三種具體治法,而是三種祛邪外出的途徑[2]。他主張“治病重在驅邪,邪去則正安”,有時運用心理治療法。著有《張氏經驗方》、《傷寒心鏡》、《儒門事親》等書,僅《儒門事親》十五卷傳世。
- 从正菌属 Congzhengia Liu et al. 2021[3]
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《金史·卷131》,出自脱脱《遼史》
- ^ 《金史·本传》称:“张从正,精于医,贯穿《素》《难》之学,其法宗刘守真,用药多寒凉,然起疾救死多取效。”
- ^ 《儒门事亲·汗吐下三法赅尽治病诠》中提出“灸、蒸、熏、揲、洗、熨、烙、针刺、砭射、导引、按摩,凡解表者,皆汗法也。”《儒门事亲·撮要图》中还补充了《内经》病机十九条之未发:“诸风掉眩皆属于肝木……可刺大敦”,“诸痛疮痒皆属于心火……可刺少冲”,诸寒收引皆属于肾水……可刺涌泉”,“诸湿肿满皆属于脾土……可刺隐白”,“诸气愤郁皆属于肺金……可刺少商”。
- ^ Liu C, Du MX, Abuduaini R, Yu HY, Li DH, Wang YJ, Zhou N, Jiang MZ, Niu PX, Han SS, et al. Enlightening the taxonomy darkness of human gut microbiomes with a cultured biobank. Microbiome 2021; 9:119.
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