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異鱗蛇鯖

異鱗蛇鯖

未予评估IUCN 3.1
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 鲭形目 Scombriformes
科: 蛇鲭科 Gempylidae
属: 异鳞蛇鲭属 Lepidocybium
种:
異鱗蛇鯖 L. flavobrunneum
二名法
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Smith, 1843
異名
  • Cybium flavobrunneum
    Smith, 1843
  • Diplogonurus maderensis
    Noronha, 1926
  • Lepidosarda retigramma
    Kishinouye, 1926
  • Nesogrammus thompsoni
    Fowler, 1923
  • Xenogramma carinatum
    Waite, 1904

異鱗蛇鯖,又名鱗網帶鰆,學名Lepidocybium flavobrunneum,中文俗稱油魚、玉梭魚,又名白玉豚,英文俗稱EscolarOilfishBlack Oilfishrudderfishwhite tuna[1],是輻鰭魚綱鱸形目帶鰆科異鱗蛇鯖屬的唯一品種。

分布

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本魚常見於各地的熱帶溫帶海洋,然而北印度洋卻未見出產。

深度

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根據紀錄,棘鱗蛇鯖活躍於200至885米的深層海域。

特徵

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本魚體延長而側扁,下頷長於上頷,頭大,最長約200厘米,最重紀錄為45公斤。外型像似棘鱗蛇鯖,但鱗片較大,尾柄中央有稜脊,側線呈大曲紋狀,魚鰭亦略有分別。異鱗蛇鯖魚身有光澤,帶暗褐色,並隨著成長漸變成黑色。[2]背鰭硬棘8至9枚;背鰭軟條16至18枚;臀鰭硬棘1至2枚;臀鰭軟條12至14枚。

生態

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本魚棲息在大陸斜坡,游泳能強,性情兇猛,具日夜垂直洄游習性,白天於深海中並於晚上洄游至溫暖的淺水層。屬肉食性,以小魚及小型底棲無脊椎動物為食。此魚種的眼睛很大,视网膜神经节细胞的总体密度很低,使它们具有很高的光学灵敏度[3]

經濟利用

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本魚為經濟性食用魚,作生魚片,但因內含蠟酯英语wax ester,容易造成腹瀉,有人認為不宜食用,並被歸類為油魚的一種。

命名

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異鱗蛇鯖於不同國家的命名:

  • 美國:鯖魚(mackerel)、牛油魚(butterfish)、油魚(oil fish)、蓖麻油魚(castor oil fish)、天竺舵魚(rudderfish)、waluu或梭倫魣(gemfish)
  • 加拿大:油魚(oil fish)、梭倫魣(gemfish)或天竺舵魚(rudderfish)
  • 澳洲:油魚(oil fish)、黑油魚(black oil fish),經常以天竺舵魚(rudderfish)之名出售
  • 英國:可能會被錯誤標示海鱸魚(sea bass)

注釋

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  1. ^ 注:棘鱗蛇鯖和異鱗蛇鯖的俗稱有時會交替使用。
  2. ^ 來源:Lepidocybium flavobrunneum - FishBase页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Landgren, Eva; Fritsches, Kerstin; Brill, Richard; Warrant, Eric. The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)†. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2014-02-19, 369 (1636): 20130039 [2021-06-15]. PMC 3886327可免费查阅. PMID 24395966. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0039. (原始内容存档于2021-06-15). 

參考文獻

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參閲

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外部連結

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異鱗蛇鯖
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