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奇異物質 (假設事物).
在物理學中,奇異物質(英語:exotic matter)指的是與普通物質不同,具有奇異特性的物質的統稱。奇異物質有以下幾種:
擁有負質量(negative mass)的一類奇異物質有時譯為負物質。注意這裏的「負物質」與「反物质」(antimatter)是完全不同的概念,負物質擁有負質量/負能量,而反物質具有正質量/正能量[1]。
負物質可能擁有一些奇特的特性,如往施力方向的反方向加速。譬如一個慣性質量為負、電荷為正的物體與帶電的普通物質相互作用,它會與帶正電的物體相吸,與帶負電的物質相斥,完全與普通物質間的「同性相斥,異性相吸」相反。這種反常的行為可產生一些不可思議的結果。
靜止質量為虛數的假想粒子稱為快子,其運動速度永遠高於光速。目前尚無證據表明快子存在。
- ,其中E為能量,m為質量,c為光速(常數),v為速度
如果靜止質量m是虛數,由於E(能量)必須是實數,說明分母也是虛數,即被開方數為負,而只有v(速度)大於c(光速)時該條件才滿足。格雷戈里·本福特等人指出,根據狹義相對論,若快子存在,可實現與過去的通訊[2](見快子電話)。
在量子場論中,虛質量會導致快子凝聚。
- 奇異物質(strange matter) - 與「exotic matter」譯名相同,但是不同的概念
- 虫洞
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