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床之間

日語寫法
日語原文床の間
假名とこのま
平文式罗马字tokonoma
李克承博士故居床之間(右)與床脇(左)

床之間(日语:とこのま)又稱凹間,正式名稱為(とこ),是日式建築和室的一種裝飾。在房間的一個角落做出一個內凹的小空間,主要由床柱、床框所構成。通常在其中會以掛軸插花盆景裝飾。凹間和其中的擺飾是傳統日本住宅內部必備的要素。凹間最早出現在安土桃山時代。一開始可能起源於禪宗僧侶用的佛壇,用來放置供奉物品,現代在日式房舍中的用途則為陳列插花與畫軸,以營造茶道的氛圍,或是烘托其他藝術品

凹間前方的座位被視為上座,正確禮節必須安排最重要的賓客背對凹間而坐。這樣的禮儀是出於謙虛,主人不應該被認為要向賓客炫耀或展現凹間中的裝飾,因此絕不可安排賓客面向凹間而坐。而凹間也是嚴格禁止踏入的。

江戶時代,一般平民建造凹間被認定是禁止的奢侈行為,而明治時代之後在和室設置凹間就變得十分普遍。到了近代由於懸掛字畫掛軸的習慣減少,有許多的和室並沒有建造凹間。就算是原本設置有凹間的和室,也有許多被改建為櫃子使用,甚至是擺放小型佛堂牌位用。一些日式旅館的凹間也被作為放置電視保險箱的地方。

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床之間
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