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幾何標準差

機率論統計學中,幾何標準差形容一組數值有多分散,用於當這一組數字理應優先選用的平均數為幾何平均數之時。對於這類數據,幾何標準差可能優於普通的標準差。留意幾何標準差是個乘法因數,因此是無因次的,而不似普通的算術標準差,與輸入數值有同樣的因次

定義

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若一組數字{A1, A2, ..., An}的幾何平均數用μg表示,則幾何標準差是

推導

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若幾何平均數是

則兩邊取自然對數

乘積的對數等於對數的和(假設對於所有是正數),所以

現在可以看出是這組算術平均數,因此這同一組的算術標準差應為

這化簡成

幾何標準分數

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標準分數的幾何版本是

若已知一個數據的幾何平均數、幾何標準差、和幾何標準分數,則可重構原始分數英语raw score

與對數正態分佈的關係

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幾何標準差用於量度對數正態分佈的離散程度,就如幾何平均數[1]。由於對數正態分佈通過對數變換得出正態分佈,可見幾何標準差是e的冪,指數為對數變換後的標準差,即是

於是乎,從一個呈對數正態分佈的母體中,抽取樣本來計算出幾何平均數和幾何標準差,可用來找出置信區間的上下限,如同使用算術平均數和標準差求正態分佈的置信區間。詳見對數正態分佈

參考

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  1. ^ Kirkwood, TBL. Geometric means and measures of dispersion. Biometrics. 1979, 35: 908–9. JSTOR 2530139. 
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幾何標準差
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