年龄偏好
年龄偏好（英語：Chronophilia）是由约翰·曼尼提出来的一个有关性偏离的心理学术语，指的是一个个体的经常性性兴趣集中在某一个特定年龄段里。[1][2] 这个术语还没有被性学家们广泛采用，而是仅仅采用了其对于特定年龄段的定义。而由理查德·冯·克拉夫特-埃宾提出的颇具争议的概念“年龄崇拜（age fetishism）”则被视为是该术语的前身。[3]
亚类型
针对未成年人
心理学上将针对未成年人的性偏好统称为“恋童”。但是在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第五版）》发展期间，有学者提议用“恋少儿（Pedohebephilia）”这个名词来取代“恋童”，并将“恋少儿”细分成“恋童（Pedophilia）”和“恋少年（Hebephilia）”两个子类型。恋少儿更多地是指一种性吸引力，属于心理学范畴。[4] 根据拟议的修订，由于恋少儿而导致功能失调的人将被诊断为“恋少儿症（Pedohebephilic Disorder）”。人们会因为性兴趣的不同而被区分到这种，或那种，或两种内。不过这拟议的修订并没有被通过，也没有出现在最终版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第五版）》中。
针对青春期前的未成年人
- 恋童（Pedophilia）是一种心理障碍，指的是成年人或年纪较大的青少年对于青春期前的儿童有性偏好。[6][7] 根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第五版）》，恋童是一种性欲倒错，特指一个人对于儿童有强烈的性欲望并且经常往复地对儿童有性冲动和性幻想。恋童癖进一步定义为心理障碍的标准是指某人符合恋童的定义标准之后，或者作用于那些冲动，或者因此痛苦，或者由此陷入到人际关系困难。[8][9] 16岁及16岁以上人士可根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》或《国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类》进行诊断。[10] 并不是所有的儿童性虐待都是恋童者所造成的；同样，不是所有恋童者都会对儿童性虐待。[11]
针对青春期的未成年人
针对成年人
相关社会现象
参考资料
- ^ Money, John. Lovemaps: clinical concepts of sexual/erotic health and pathology, paraphilia, and gender transposition of childhood, adolescence, and maturity. 1986: 70, 260. ISBN 0-8290-1589-2.
- ^ Money, John. Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation. 1990: 137, 183. ISBN 0-19-505407-5.
- ^ Janssen, D.F. "Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology. Medical History. 2015, 59 (4): 575–598. ISSN 0025-7273. PMC 4595948
. PMID 26352305. doi:10.1017/mdh.2015.47.
- ^ DSM-5 U 03 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-11-13.
- ^ Greenberg DM, Bradford J, Curry S. Infantophilia--a new subcategory of pedophilia?: a preliminary study. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1995, 23 (1): 63–71. PMID 7599373..
- ^ World Health Organization, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2008-09-21. Section F65.4: Pedophilia (online access via ICD-10 site map table of contents)
- ^ Blanchard, R.; Kolla, N. J.; Cantor, J. M.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T. IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 2007, 19 (3): 285–309. doi:10.1177/107906320701900307.
- ^ American Psychiatric Association, Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期October 19, 2013，. Paraphilic disorders (page 18)
- ^ American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV TR (Text Revision). Arlington, VA, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. June 2000: 943 [2017-11-26]. ISBN 978-0-89042-024-9. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349. （原始内容存档于2011-10-25）.
- ^ The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders – Diagnostic criteria for research (PDF). [2017-11-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-06-18）. (715 KB) (see F65.4, pp. 166–167)
- ^ Fagan PJ, Wise TN, Schmidt CW, Berlin FS. Pedophilia. JAMA. November 2002, 288 (19): 2458–65 [2017-11-26]. PMID 12435259. doi:10.1001/jama.288.19.2458. （原始内容存档于2020-03-04）.
- ^ Blanchard, R. Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM–V. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.
- ^ Blanchard, R.; Barbaree, H. E.; Bogaert, A. F.; Dickey, R.; Klassen, P.; Kuban, M. E.; Zucker, KJ; et al. Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2000, 29 (5): 463–478. PMID 10983250. doi:10.1023/A:1001943719964.
- ^ Blanchard, R. & Barbaree, H. E. The strength of sexual arousal as a function of the age of the sex offender: Comparisons among pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 2005, 17 (4): 441–456. doi:10.1177/107906320501700407.
- ^ Seto,M. The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2016. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y.
- ^ Kaul, A.; Duffy, S. Gerontophilia: A case report. Medicine, Science and the Law. 1991, 31: 110–114.
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