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平山周.
平山周(ひらやま しゅう,Hirayama Shu,1870年—1940年),日本人,明治3年(西元1870年)出生,逝世於昭和15年(西元1940年) 。日本福岡县出身,東京麻布東洋英和學校就學,與宮崎滔天同行至暹羅。1897年(明治30年)在犬養毅的介紹下,被日本外務省派遣到时为清朝的中国,為了中國革命援助而調查秘密結社。同年,孫文到日本,就是以平山周的語文教師的名义申請的。
1898年(明治31年)平山周再次到中國,幫助孫文逃亡日本,之後也活躍於革命援助。1905年(明治38年)參加中國同盟會。1931年(昭和6年)成为中華民國國民政府海陸空軍總司令部顧問。
曾回憶他與孫文在日本最初交往時說:「總理來京曰:『昨夜熟慮,欲且留日本』。即同車訪犬養,歸途過日比谷中山侯爵邸前,投宿寄屋橋外對鶴館,掌櫃不知總理為中國人,出宿泊帖求署名。弟想到中山侯爵門標,乃執筆書〔姓〕中山,未書名;總理忽奪筆自署〔名〕樵。曰:『是中國山樵之意也』。總理號中山,蓋源於此」[1]:24。引至東京相會,一見如故,抵掌談天下事,大為快慰[2]:36。平山周某次帶孫文至東京數寄屋橋外的旅館「對鶴館」住宿要登記姓名時,認為寫日本式名字較安全,平山周想起日前經過日比谷中山家(明治天皇外祖父中山忠能)侯爵邸,於是幫孫文填「中山」為姓,孫自己則寫上名字為「樵」[1]:24,於是孫開始使用「中山樵」的化名,「孫中山」因此得名[3]:206。
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