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帆拱

帆拱概念图,可见正方形平面通过三角形球面与上方穹顶过渡

帆拱(Pendentive),是拜占庭建筑的一种常见结构,用于正方形平面与半球状穹顶之间的良好过渡。[1]

结构形态

在平面正方形四个顶点处竖立四个墩柱,柱墩上端沿着正方形四条边长做拱券,再在四个垂直拱券之间砌筑以方形平面对角线直径的穹顶,形成四个三角形的球面,整体形似一个完整的穹顶的四边被发券切割后剩余的部分。由于柱子顶部三角形球面形似风吹动的船帆,因此得名帆拱。[1][2]

优势

  • 形态方面,使穹顶与墙体之间的过渡更加平滑简洁,使穹顶空间更加自由灵活。
  • 结构方面,将荷载集中在四角的支柱上,从而不需要连续的承重墙
  • 形制方面,切合了东正教教堂希腊十字形、向心集中式的形制。[3][4]
绘有图案的帆拱

经典建筑

图集

圣索菲亚大教堂外观,可见圆形穹顶与下方正方形基座的过渡

相關條目

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 陈, 志华. 外国建筑史. 中国建筑工业出版社. 2010: 97-102. ISBN 9787112112937. 
  2. ^ 帆拱之说. [2021-12-31] (中文). 
  3. ^ 陈, 志华. 外国建筑史. 中国建筑工业出版社. 2010: 97-102. ISBN 9787112112937. 
  4. ^ 《中国勘察设计》杂志. “拱”的成长史. 2018-07-11 [2021-12-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-31) (中文). 
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帆拱
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