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巴克訴貝爾案 .
巴克訴貝爾案 Buck v. Bell 辩论:1927年4月22日 判决:1927年5月2日 案件全名 嘉莉·巴克 訴州立癲癇患者及弱智者收容所 所長約翰·亨德倫·貝爾引註案號 274 U.S. 200 47 S. Ct. 584; 71 L. Ed. 1000
既往案件 Buck v. Bell, 143 Va. 310, 130 S.E. 516 (1925) 法庭判决 法院認定「為了州的保護及健康」授權強制絕育 的法令合憲,並維持維吉尼亞州最高法院 的裁決 法庭意见 多数意见 霍姆斯 联名:塔夫脱、范·德文特、麦克雷诺兹、布兰戴斯、萨瑟兰、桑福德、斯通 不同意见 巴特勒 适用法条 美国宪法第十四修正案 被取代
史金納訴奧克拉荷馬州案 (1942年,部分推翻)
巴克訴貝爾案 (Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927))是美國一個關於優生學 和強制絕育 的案件。在此判決中,美國最高法院 允許弗吉尼亚州根據其1924年通過的《优生绝育法》对因奸成孕的凱莉·巴克施行强制绝育,这位单身母亲被诊断为“智力低下”,[1] 最高法院法官小奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯评论说:“如果社会不是等着劣等后代因为犯罪而被处死或者因为智力低下而活活饿死,而是阻止明显不够格的人繁育后代,对整个世界来说都会更好。”[2] 並提出的“生育權不是權利而是特權”的論點,跟弗吉尼亚州《优生绝育法》类似的法案在美國其他30个州也相继出爐,并影響了納粹德國於1933年制訂的《德国遗传健康法》[3] 。該法案已被1942年的斯金纳訴俄克拉荷馬州案部分推翻[4] 。
^ (英)韦罗妮克·莫捷著;刘露译,牛津通识读本 性存在,译林出版社,2015.08,第93页
^ (英)苏珊-玛丽·格兰特著;董晨宇,成思译,剑桥美国史 插图版,新星出版社,2019.08,第340-341页
^ 沈东著,生育选择引论 辅助生殖技术的社会学视角,辽宁人民出版社,2011.02,第327页
^ Kaelber, Lutz. Eugenics: Compulsory Sterilization in 50 American States - Virginia . Lutz Kaelber, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Vermont. [2013-05-14 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-06-25).
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H. L. v. Matheson (1981)
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Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
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其它
Holden v. Hardy (1898)
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巴克訴貝爾案 (1927)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937)
NAACP v. Alabama (1958)
格里斯沃爾德訴康乃狄克州案 (1965)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)
In re Winship (1971)
Kolender v. Lawson (1983)
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United States v. Cruikshank (1876)
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Buchanan v. Warley (1917)
Lum v. Rice (1927)
Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942)
Perez v. Sharp (1948)
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla. (1948)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
布朗訴托皮卡教育局案 (1954)
Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1964)
Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966)
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971)
里德诉里德案 (1971)
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Romer v. Evans (1996)
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奥贝格费尔诉霍奇斯案 (2015)
National Coalition for Men v. Selective Service System (S.D. Tex, 2019)
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