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巡警.
巡警全称巡邏警察,即執行巡邏任務的警察;旧指警察[1]。香港警務處軍裝巡邏小隊有時亦被稱為巡警。
历史
1905年(光緒31年),清朝的巡警部成立,隸屬於民政部,並設立巡警學堂,與許多官名相同,巡警原為動詞,意思為巡查警備。[2]明宣德元年(1426年)[3]在城裡坊廂建立巡警鋪,使軍民守望相助防盗防火,巡警鋪[4]有鋪舍,設有總甲[5]位於火甲之下,按照制度要求是“不分官吏、軍民、旗校、匠役之家”,都要負担“輪流守望”的甲役。[6]其發展於宋代軍巡舖、防隅巡警及唐代里防制的武侯舖。
方式
现代警察的巡邏種類廣泛,包括徒步巡邏(foot patrol)、機動巡邏(mobile patrol)、水上巡邏(water patrol)及航空巡邏(aerial patrol)等,此外亦有高空巡邏(vertical patrol)、反罪惡巡邏(anti-crime patrol)、戰術巡邏(tactical patrol)及反恐巡邏(counter-terrorism patrol)等等,不同巡邏種類須由擁有相關專業知識及資歷的人員執行。
- 徒步巡邏:警察單位長期派駐人員於特定的地區執行,人員擁有固定的巡邏路線,周而復始地進行,由一至兩名人員執行。主要作用是讓人員可以更為深入了解該地區的情況、日常改變以及異常情況、接收情報、防止罪案發生以及以最機動性的速度回應召喚,並且到達案件或是罪案現場等等。
- 機動巡邏:通常由四名人員及一名司機人員執行,或一名警察電單車司機執行。
- 高空巡邏:警察單位派駐人員於大廈的高處、特定位置或者天台進行巡邏檢查以及監視,主要用作針對爆竊案、毒品案及人群管制等[7]。
- 反罪惡巡邏:警察單位派駐人員於罪案黑點作巡邏,主要用作針對行劫及爆竊等罪行。
- 反恐巡邏:警察單位派駐特警人員於擁有潛在被恐怖襲擊的地區或地點執行,包括偵察爆炸品等[8]。
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