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岩磐

美國優勝美地國家公園內的一塊岩石,它屬於內華達山脈岩磐的一部分。
火成侵入的基本型態:
1. 岩蓋
2. 小岩脈
3. 岩磐
4. 岩脈
5. 岩床
6. 火山栓火山管 7. 岩盆

岩磐[1](英語:batholith),也稱岩基[2]岩盤[3]。是大塊火成侵入體。岩磐的面積通常大於100平方公里,並由深部冷卻的岩漿形成在地殼中。 岩磐幾乎總是由長英質中性岩石如花崗岩石英蒙脫石閃長岩組成。[4][5]

儘管岩磐看起來很均勻,但實際上它們是具有複雜地質歷史和成分結構。它們由不同種類、不規則尺寸(厚度推估在10到15公里[5]火成岩體組成。各個岩體都是從岩漿凝固的,該岩漿從地殼底部附近的部分熔融區向地表移動時冷卻、凝固,並形成了岩磐。

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 岩磐. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院. [2023-12-21].  (繁體中文)
  2. ^ 岩基. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院. [2023-12-21].  (繁體中文)
  3. ^ 岩盤. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院. [2023-12-21].  (繁體中文)
  4. ^ Petersen, James F.; Sack, Dorothy; Gabler, Robert E. Physical Geography (11th edition). Boston: Cengage Learning Inc. 2017: 614. ISBN 978-1-305-65264-4. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 大英百科全书》中的条目:batholith(作者:John P. Rafferty)(英文)
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岩磐
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