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岐神

岐神(日语:フナドノカミ或クナドノカミ)又稱作巷神(日語)チマタノカミ)或辻神(日語)ツジノカミ),乃是日本民間信仰裡阻擋疾病災害、惡鬼幽靈進入聚落的神祇,又可稱作道祖神塞神(日語)サエノカミ)。

概要

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古事記之記載

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根據《古事記》上卷之記載,從黃泉國逃返的伊邪那岐命為了清潔身上的污穢,在筑紫日向之橘小門之阿波岐(今宮崎縣宮崎市阿波岐原町)進行禊祓(袪除污穢的淨化儀式)。祂丟棄的手杖變成衝立船戶神、衣帶變成道之長乳齒神、囊袋變成時量師神、衣服變成和豆良比能宇斯能神、變成道俁神、頭冠變成飽咋之宇斯能神;左手之手纏變成奧疎神、奧津那藝佐毘古神和奧津甲斐辨羅神;右手之手纏變成邊疎神、邊津那藝佐毘古神和邊津甲裴弁羅神等共12位神祇

日本書紀之記載

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據《日本書紀》卷第一神代上第九種說法之記載,伊奘諾尊欲見其妹伊奘冉尊,乃到殯殮之處。本來伊奘冉尊出來迎接祂,都如同在世般無異狀。接著後者說:「夫君請你不要看我。」語畢突然消失且四周陷入一片黑暗,伊弉諾尊舉起火把視之,伊奘冉尊的身體飽脹長大,上有八色雷公。受到驚嚇的伊弉諾尊急忙走避,八色雷公追趕之。伊弉諾尊躲進路邊的桃樹下,並以果實擊退眾雷,這就是桃子能驅的源由。伊奘諾尊乃投其杖曰:「自此之後,雷不敢來。」便是所謂的岐神,也是來名戶之祖神。而所謂的「八雷」,在首曰大雷、在胸曰火雷、在腹曰土雷、在背曰稚雷、在尻曰黑雷、在手曰山雷、在足上曰野雷、在陰上曰裂雷。

解說

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「岐」或「巷」皆是道路的分岔之處,這種地方是人、神都會往來走動之地,故為了抵禦入侵的惡鬼厲靈,便設置岐神以鎮壓之。《古事記》提及的道俁神,和《日本書紀》、《古語拾遺》記載的猿田彥神實為同一神。不過,江戶時代國學專家本居宣長在《古事記傳》裡卻認為,《延喜式》卷八神祇八道饗祭祝詞提到的八衢比古((日語)ヤチマタヒコ)、八衢比賣((日語)ヤチマタヒメ)應是道俁神。

後來,該神祇與中國傳來的道祖神相互習合,也與佛教地藏菩薩被視為同一神。

內部連結

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參考資料

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  • 《八百万の神々 日本の神霊たちのプロフィール》,戶部民夫著,新紀元社,1997年12月,ISBN 978-4883172993
  • 《日本神樣事典》,CR&LF研究所著,賴又萁譯,商周出版社,2012年3月11日,ISBN 9789862721315
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岐神
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