For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 山茶科.

山茶科

山茶科
茶树Camellia sinensis
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 杜鹃花目 Ericales
科: 山茶科 Theaceae
D.Don

見下文

異名
  • Camelliaceae[1]
  • Malachodendraceae

山茶科(Theaceae)大部分原产于亚洲东部,多分布热带亚热带地区,南至马来西亚,北至日本,也有几个属是生长在美洲的。山茶科有30屬700餘種。中國有15屬400餘種,臺灣有9屬27種。

形态

绝大部分山茶科植物是常绿的灌木乔木,但紫茎属北美大头茶属是落叶植物。山茶科植物为单叶,互生,一般为革质,没有托叶,花常两性,辐射对称,单生,有时簇生,萼片和花瓣常各5枚,雄蕊常甚多,分离或基部结合,或集成5束,子房上位,大多数3-5室,每室有二至数胚珠;果实为裂开的蒴果,近木质,有时肉质不裂。

用途

山茶科最著名的品种是茶树,叶含咖啡碱是世界著名饮料之一;还有许多品种可以作为花卉观赏植物,如金花茶和各种山茶花;木荷属尚有些品种为木材来源,油茶及山茶的种子可榨油,供食用及工业用途。

分类

约有30700余中国约有15属400余种,主要产于长江以南各地。有的分类学家将山茶科分入厚皮香科,也有的将厚皮香科植物分入山茶科的。

克朗奎斯特分类法单独列出一个山茶目,2003年的APG II 分类法将山茶科和厚皮香科共同列入杜鹃花目,厚皮香科和五列木科亲缘更近。

截至2017年3月 (2017-03)Angiosperm Phylogeny Website英语Angiosperm Phylogeny Website承認下列屬級分類元[2]

  • 核果茶属 Pyrenaria Blume, including Dubardella H.J.Lam, Glyptocarpa Hu, Parapyrenaria H.T.Chang, Sinopyrenaria Hu, Tutcheria Dunn
  • 柯树属 Schima Blume
  • 折柄茶属 Stewartia L., including Hartia Dunn

產於9100萬年前的化石物種 Pentapetalum trifasciculandricus,可能屬於山茶科,也可能屬於五列木科[2]

本科包括以下属:

  • 獼猴桃屬 Actinidia Chandler, 1926
  • Andrewsiocarpon P.J.Grote & D.L.Dilcher, 1989
  • 圆籽荷属 Apterosperma Hung T.Chang
  • Bembiciopsis
  • 山茶属 Camellia L.
  • Camelliacarpoidea Collinson et al., 2012
  • Dankia
  • Erytrochiton Schltdl., 1846
  • Eurotium T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.
  • Franklina J.F.Gmel., 1791
  • Franklinia Bartram ex Marshall
  • Fresiera Mirb.
  • Glossoschima Walp.
  • 湿地茶属 Gordonia Ellis
  • Gordoniopsis P.J.Grote & D.L.Dilcher, 1992
  • Heptacarpus Conz.
  • Hordwellia M.E.J.Chandler, 1960
  • Kalpandria Walp.
  • Kamelia Steud., 1821
  • Kemelia Raf., 1838
  • Letsomia Rchb., 1837
  • Mecsekispermum L.Hably & B.Erdei, 2021
  • Nebasiodendron Pit., 1902
  • Palaeoschima E.Knobloch & D.H.Mai, 1984
  • Paraternstroemia L.J.Hickey, 1977
  • Polyspora Sweet
  • Polyspora Sweet ex G.Don
  • 核果茶属 Pyrenaria Blume
  • Richtera H.G.L.Reichenbach, 1841
  • Sarosanther
  • 柯树属 Schima Reinw. ex Blume
  • Schimoxylon K.Kramer, 1974
  • Sladenioxylon B.Giraud, R.Bussert & E.Schrank, 1992
  • Steuarta Catesby ex Mill.
  • 折柄茶属 Stewartia I.Lawson
  • Stuartia L'Héritier de Brutelle, 1789
  • Terustroemia Jack
  • Tetrameristoxylon Hofmann, 1952
  • Theaphyla Raf., 1838
  • Theophoba
  • Toanabo DC., 1824
杂交属:
  • ×Gordlinia Ranney & Fantz
  • ×Schimlinia Ranney & Fantz

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) entry for Camelliaceae页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Stevens, P.F., Theaceae, Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, [2014-09-18], (原始内容存档于2019-06-02) 

外部链接

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
山茶科
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?