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山簡.
山簡(253年—312年6月6日),字季倫,河內懷縣人。「竹林七賢」之一的山濤之子。西晉時期官員,官至征南將軍。
山簡與嵇紹、劉謨和楊準齊名,初為太子舍人,後歷任太子庶子、黃門郎、青州刺史、侍中、尚書等職。光熙元年(306年)升任吏部尚書。永嘉初年一度出任鎮西將軍、雍州刺史,及後又被徵為尚書左僕射,領吏部。山簡在任內上奏建議命各公卿大臣都因自己所知而舉薦各地賢才,以求廣招賢士,復興晉室。
永嘉三年(309年),征南大將軍司馬略逝世,山簡於是被任命為征南將軍、假節都督荊湘交廣四州諸軍事,出鎮襄陽。當時天下大亂,山簡則終日沉溺於酒醉之中,並常常在荊州豪族的園林內遊玩,並醉臥於池塘。
不久,山簡加督寧益二州軍事。永嘉五年(311年),漢國將領劉聰等率大軍進攻洛陽,山簡於是派督護王萬領兵救援,但在涅陽遭到佔據宛城的叛民首領王如擊敗,山簡唯有嬰城自守,亦無力北顧。同年洛陽被攻陷,晉懷帝被俘,盜賊四起,山簡又被盜賊嚴嶷所逼,被逼移鎮夏口,並在當地招納流亡民眾,得到長江、漢水一帶的人歸附。
永嘉六年四月丙寅(312年6月6日)[1],山簡逝世,享年六十歲,獲追贈征南大將軍、儀同三司。
- 山簡性格溫和文雅,有父風。但二十多歲時其父仍未知其才能。
- 山簡忠實厚道。永嘉之亂後,江州刺史華軼不順從被推為盟主的琅琊王司馬睿命令,被司馬睿派兵討伐。有人勸山簡幫助司馬睿討伐華軼,但山簡說:「我和華軼是老朋友,現在正為他而惆悵。我又怎能利用別人而為自己建立討伐功勳?」
- 永嘉之亂後,樂府的伶人大多都南逃到荊州一帶。在山簡的一次宴會時,其僚屬建議山簡讓那些伶人奏樂。但山簡說:「眼看國家傾覆而不能救援就是晉朝的罪人,還怎麼能奏樂?」並因而激動落淚,更令在坐的人感到慚愧。
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