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洞穴

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馬默斯洞穴國家公園,世界最大的地下自然洞穴
洞穴

洞穴洞窟)是指地底的通道或空間,可進入其中,形成方式可能是侵蝕作用,或是微生物等其他外力的風化作用,許多自然界的洞穴是形成於石灰岩地帶,為溶洞鐘乳洞),另有一種相似的地形,稱為石棚。全球约有180万个洞穴[1]

根据光照强度,洞穴可大致分为三个区域:洞口带、弱光带和黑暗带[2]

人工洞穴

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人类为商业交通而开挖的洞穴,有隧道山洞),地下道人行隧道下水道防空洞

參見

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Monro, Alexandre K.; Bystriakova, Nadia; Fu, Longfei; Wen, Fang; Wei, Yigang. Discovery of a diverse cave flora in China. PLOS ONE. 2018-02-07, 13 (2): e0190801. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190801. 
  2. ^ Fu, Longfei; Monro, Alexandre K.; Wei, Yigang. Cataloguing vascular plant diversity of karst caves in China. Biodiversity Science. 2022-07-20, 30 (7): 21537. doi:10.17520/biods.2021537. 

外部連結

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洞穴
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