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屯番制

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屯番制或稱番屯制,為清朝治理邊疆不同民族之制度,融合土司制、屯田制改土歸流政策,又稱改土歸屯[1]

四川

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乾隆十七年(1752年),改四川雜谷安撫司置雜谷廳,仿湖南苗疆練兵、屯兵之制,以降順番民設雜谷腦屯、乾堡寨上孟董屯、下孟董屯、九子寨屯,屯戶都是番民。[2]

三十八年(1773年),第二次金川之戰期間,攢拉漢牛番民292戶首先歸降,劃地安插屯墾。四十一年(1776年),戰役結束後,以原兩金川土司之地設置美諾廳、阿爾古廳,四川總督福康安奏准以投降的番民設番屯;四十八年(1783年),改設懋功屯務廳,屯戶共1,043戶,屯墾成熟照攢拉漢牛番屯之例徵收,每戶雜糧二斗一升八勺五抄。[3]

懋功廳至清末共領有五大番屯(攢拉八角碉屯、撫邊屯、章谷屯、崇化屯、綏靖屯)、二土司,置同知處理番屯事務。[4]

臺灣

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是因為台灣熟番幫助清廷平息林爽文之亂有功,而理解熟番的武力可維持台灣的治安,因此開始在1788年林爽文事件結束後,模仿四川兩金川地區的屯番制,以熟番設屯開墾,同時防治民番衝突,屯番制在此時開始在全臺使用,共設有十二屯,大屯四處每處四百人,小屯八處每處三百人,番屯內之番丁亦稱平埔屯丁

參考資料

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  1. ^ 潘洪鋼,〈清代乾隆朝兩金川改土歸屯考〉,《民族研究》6期(北京:中国社会科学院民族研究所,1988年)。
  2. ^ 清史稿》,卷六十九,志四十四,地理十六,四川;卷一百三十四,志一百九,兵五,土兵,四川土兵附屯番。
  3. ^ 欽定皇朝通典》,卷四,食貨四,田制四,屯田。
  4. ^ 清史稿》,卷六十九,志四十四,地理十六,四川;卷一百三十四,志一百九,兵五,土兵,四川土兵附屯番。
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屯番制
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