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屍體

巴黎公社社员的尸体
一具木乃伊乾屍

屍體,是相對於生物的概念,指生物体死亡後遺留的尚未完全腐烂躯体。至於完全腐壞、僅殘餘骨骼組織的动物尸体则称为骸骨,亦称白骨、骷髅、遗骨等,其中“骷髏”一詞可能帶有恐懼的意味。

概要

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一般来说,會以「遗体」這一詞于尊重死者人格的场合來稱呼屍體。在台灣,某些宗教人士與多數媒體亦將遺體稱作大體大體師大體老師,然而大體一詞是由「大體解剖學(Gross anatomy)」一詞而來的簡稱[1],這個「大體」是英文Gross的翻譯,代表「巨觀的」、「總成的」,此命名意為:總括處理肉眼可看見的器官組織的解剖學,是與「微觀解剖學」、「神經解剖學」等作為相對的學問,就跟中文裡說「大體而言」的「大體」,是同一個意思。中文裡對屍體的尊稱就只有「遺體」、「遺骸」。上述將「遺體」稱作「大體」[2],把「屍皮」稱為「大體皮膚」乃為誤用[3]。而「尸体」用于医学、刑事案件偵查等领域。在地质学生态学中,通常使用“遗体”一词,如「生物遺体」、「動物遺体」、「植物遺体」等。尸体会发生一系列尸体现象,是刑事案件偵查時推測死亡時間的參考依據。

古代記載

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在古籍《酉陽雜俎·物異》《尚書故實》《南村輟耕錄·卷十四》中,「人臘」是指乾枯的人的屍體。

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 我的十堂大體解剖課:他們是人,不是道具. The News Lens 關鍵評論網. 2016-10-17 [2021-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-20) (中文(臺灣)). 
  2. ^ 常見問題與回答. 遺體捐贈室. 慈濟大學. [2021-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-13). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2012-04-24]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-02). 

延伸閲讀

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参閱

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外部链接

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屍體
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