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层云

层云拉丁語Stratus,符号:St)是的一種,形狀為層狀,分部較大,屬低雲族,一般高度低於2000公尺。如身處於層雲中,感覺即類似於,因此层云也被称为“高雾”。

层云
层云
层云
缩写符号St
云形符号
低云族
层云属
高度地面附近~约2000 m
特征雾状,水平扩张
降水性

在一定条件下层云几乎能够达到地面。层云完全没有结构,它由细小的水珠组成。层云中往往会落下细雨或者细雪,但是不会下大雨。一般在风比较静的气象条件下会形成层云。在气温非常低的状况下甚至可能出现光晕。

形成

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由于夜间降温,或者潮湿气流流入,或者大雨后蒸发,大气的下层潮湿阴冷时能够形成层云。太阳升起后地面加热后雾也能成为层云。薄的层云一般在天亮后,或者在白天里逐渐消散。冬季在反气旋逆溫的情况下层云也可以维持数日。

分类

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  • 薄幕状层云(Stratus nebulosus, St neb[a]
  • 碎层云(Stratus fractus, St fra)

变种

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  • 透光层云(Stratus translucidus, St tr)
  • 漏光层云(Stratus perlucidus, St pe)
  • 蔽光层云(Stratus opacus, St op)

亚变种

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  • 降水性层云(Stratus praecipitatio, St pra)

图集

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参阅

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注释

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  1. ^ 中国标准为St nebu

参考资料

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层云
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