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尿瀦留

尿瀦留
urinary retention
同义词尿液滯留、尿滯留
一幅电脑断层扫描影像,其中可见尿瀦留引起膀胱增大。
类型泌尿系統疾病[*]urination disorder[*]泌尿系统症状[*]
分类和外部资源
ICD-11MF50.3
ICD-10R33
ICD-9-CM788.20
DiseasesDB13582
MeSHD016055
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

尿潴留[註 1](英語:renal retentionurinary retention)又稱尿滯留尿液滯留[1],是膀胱尿液郁积而無法顺畅排出的狀況,最常見的原因是良性前列腺增生症

定義、症狀與成因

通常人類的膀胱漲滿時可容納300至500毫升,但可以容納更多[2][3]排尿後餘尿應在百分之十以下;若排尿功能異常,以致餘尿過多,甚至完全無法排尿,則為尿瀦留。依症狀發生之緩急,可分為急性與慢性尿瀦留。

急性尿瀦留:突然完全無法排尿,膀胱不斷漲大,必須立即導尿。例如產婦分娩後偶有尿瀦留現象,留置尿管一到二星期即可復原。又如良性前列腺增生症患者,排尿已經很困難,如果又服用影響膀胱收縮的藥物(如感冒、鼻塞常用的抗組織胺藥),就可能造成膀胱「罷工」。也有部份患者是因為神經通路受阻,如中風脊髓受傷。

慢性尿瀦留:初期感覺尿流細小、滴瀝不止、尿完仍有殘尿感,繼而頻尿、殘尿越來越多,膀胱也越來越大,最後彈性疲乏,容積可超過1公升。由於長期餘尿,兩側腎臟的尿液無法正常流入膀胱,也會導致雙側腎積水

鑑別診斷

有一些疾病的症狀和尿瀦留相似,但治療方式大為不同,必須加以鑑別。例如膀胱炎或下段輸尿管結石也會頻尿且有殘尿感。

檢查

初步觸診可見膀胱脹大,下腹部壓痛;扣診時濁音代表充滿液體。超音波與腹部X光可見膀胱充盈,並藉此診斷有無尿路結石。尿液檢查可鑑別有無血尿膀胱炎

症狀的嚴重程度可參見經尿道前列腺切除術#手術前評估尿路動力學檢查可協助醫師了解膀胱的容積與收縮力,作為治療的參考。

治療

  • 急性尿瀦留首要讓尿液導出,即為導尿。若是前列腺增生太厲害,無法從尿道插入尿管時,可以從恥骨上方穿刺,導出尿液,稱為膀胱造瘻術
  • 針對病因,施以相應的療法。
  • 骶神经调节(SNM)是治疗非梗阻性尿潴留患者提供了一条崭新的途径,通过植入神经调控系统(膀胱起搏器)调节传入神经通路,达到改善症状的目的。

注释

  1. ^ 「潴」,拼音zhū注音ㄓㄨ粤拼zyu1

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ 台灣e學院-實用醫學辭典線上檢索. 行政院衛生署. [2013-01-18]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-14). 
  2. ^ Boron, Walter F.; Boulpaep, Emile L. Medical Physiology. 3: Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 738 [2016-06-01]. ISBN 9781455733286. (原始内容存档于2019-12-17). 
  3. ^ Walker-Smith, John; Murch, Simon. Cardozo, Linda , 编. Diseases of the Small Intestine in Childhood 4. CRC Press. 1999: 16 [2016-06-01]. ISBN 9781901865059. (原始内容存档于2019-12-17). 
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尿瀦留
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