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小行星采矿

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小行星采矿是从小行星和其他微型行星,包括近地天体中开采原材料,这些材料可用作太空建造或运回地球。[1]

小行星上拥有的丰富的水和等资源,能够为深空探测设施提供燃料和水,是深入探索太空的基石。除此之外,我们还可探寻大量的稀缺资源,包括铂族金属(铂金)以及一些非金属如,珍贵资源近乎无限,利润相当可观。据估算,一颗直径约80m的普通小行星可能含有价值1000亿美元的金属矿产。开发小行星资源不但能有效解决矿产资源、能源储备问题,而且环保清洁,不污染环境,由于小行星上不存在常驻生命,自然也不会造成生态系统的破坏。在全球金属消费量日渐攀升、地球能源紧缺的今天,开发利用小行星资源是人类外空探索能力不断增强的必然结果,可以预见,大规模开发利用外空自然资源将成为21世纪人类拓展生存空间的有效手段。[2]:47f [3][4][5]

小行星采矿的目的:门捷列夫于19世纪末编制的元素周期表全面罗列了存在於地球的各种原子,也就是可以利用的各种资源,包括各种金属、稀土、稀有气体……总计不下118种元素,并根据原子核中包含的质子数对他们进行了排列,由此可以测算出它们的物理和化学属性:硬度、耐高温性能、活性……不过,这张周期表并没有对它们的储量或它们的稀缺性作出任何描述。随着人类的过度开发与利用,今天,那些面临匮乏的元素「亮起了黄灯」,其中既包括一些不为大众所知的元素(……),也有一些在人类社会几千年发挥着支柱作用的元素(……),虽然任何一种元素都永远不会消失,但是这些自然资源的形成周期极其漫长,相对于人类历史而言,几乎是不可再生的,它们的开采也正在或即将变得困难和昂贵,并且仍旧远远不能同人类的开发的速度相比拟,人类依賴地壳的日子不会再持续很久、地质极限无法逾越,对此,有人建议,从小行星上开采白金和其他有价值的元素,并将其运回到地球以获取利润。[6][7] [8][9][10]

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ O'Leary, B. 1977. Mining the Apollo and Amor Asteroids. Science: 197, 363-366.
  2. ^ Alotaibi, Ghanim; et al. ASteroid mining, Technologies Roadmap, and Applications. Strasbourg: International Space University. 2010 [9 December 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-04). 
  3. ^ Esty, Thomas. Asteroid Mining and Prospecting (PDF). H.C.O. Astronomy 98. 2013 [9 December 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-09-15). 
  4. ^ Steigerwald, William. New NASA Mission to Help Us Learn How to Mine Asteroids. NASA. Greenbelt, Maryland: Goddard Space Flight Center. 2013 [9 December 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
  5. ^ Zacny, Kris; et al. Asteroid Mining (PDF). AIAA SPACE 2013 Conference and Exposition. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 2013 [2018-09-30]. ISBN 978-1-62410-239-4. doi:10.2514/6.2013-5304. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-12). 
  6. ^ BRIAN O'LEARY; MICHAEL J. GAFFEY; DAVID J. ROSS & ROBERT SALKELD. Retrieval of Asteroidal Materials. SPACE RESOURCES and SPACE SETTLEMENTS,1977 Summer Study at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. NASA. 1979 [2018-10-17]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-24). 
  7. ^ Lee Valentine. A Space Roadmap: Mine the Sky, Defend the Earth, Settle the Universe. Space Studies Institute. 2002 [September 19, 2011]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-07). 
  8. ^ Didier Massonnet; Benoît Meyssignac. A captured asteroid : Our David's stone for shielding earth and providing the cheapest extraterrestrial material. Acta Astronautica. 2006, 59 (1–5): 77–83 [2018-10-17]. Bibcode:2006AcAau..59...77M. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.030. (原始内容存档于2018-11-06). 
  9. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为MTS1997的参考文献提供内容
  10. ^ John Brophy; Fred Culick; Louis Friedman; et al. Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study (PDF). Keck Institute for Space Studies, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 12 April 2012 [2018-10-17]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-05-31). 
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小行星采矿
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