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小夜曲

小夜曲(法語:Serenade,德語:Nachtmusik)是一种源于爱情歌曲,一般南欧人在夏日夜晚,用吉他曼陀铃等简单的乐器伴奏,在恋人窗下唱的,以表达爱情,歌曲并没有固定的格式。后来成为一种在室外演奏的乐队形式,因为在室外演奏,常使用音量大的乐器,如各种号等。

小夜曲逐渐成为一种器乐曲形式,乐队一般比交响曲要更小型化。是一种欢快明朗,典雅质朴的如歌乐曲。海顿莫扎特等人都写过小夜曲,尤其是莫扎特一生写过大量的著名小夜曲。此外舒伯特的歌曲作品中,也有不少例子。[1]

辭源

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在法語當中,小夜曲乃指夜晚音樂,辭根來自夜晚(soir,即義語sera)。[1]

著名作品

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誤用

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法語的Serenade經常與Serenata混淆,據定義後者為(一)田園風格,且舞台裝設較為簡要的清唱劇作品,或者(二)管弦樂或管樂的組曲作品,經常以一個進行曲樂章開始。前者的例子有韓德爾的《阿西斯與加拉蒂亞》(Acis and Galatea),後者則以莫扎特《哈夫納》小夜曲(Haffner,目錄第250號)為代表。[註 1][1]

註釋

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  1. ^ 英語文獻經常將這首作品稱為Haffner Serenade,然而Serenata Haffner可能才是正確的作品名稱。

参考文献

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參照
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Scholes 1970,第943頁。
專書

参见

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小夜曲
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