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小二度

小二度
转位大七度
名稱
別名自然半音
(Diatonic Semitone)
縮寫m2
大小
半音1
音程類別英语Interval class1
纯律16:15[1]
音分
十二平均律100
二十四平均律100
纯律122

小二度Minor Second,簡寫為m2)是音程的一種,需要符合以下的條件:

  1. 組成音程的兩個音,它們音名必須為相鄰。(A和Bb、B和C、C和Db、D和Eb、E和F、F#和G、G和Ab)
  2. 兩音的音距為1個半音

由於小二度和半音在定義上有不少類近的地方,很多人都會誤會兩者的意義相同,從而概蓋地把兩者等同起來。但是,「小二度」所表達的是兩個不同音高之間的「距離」,而「半音」則是作為量度兩個不同音高距離時所用的「單位」,因此兩者所代表的是不同的概念。

泛音列中,第15個和第16個中的音程,便是小二度。由於兩個呈小二度的正弦波的疊加波型,非常凹凸不平,因此出來的聲效非常不協調,甚至被指是簡單音程中最不協調的一個[2]

雖然是極不協調,但小二度音程卻常在裝飾音中大量使用,其中又以顫音倚音較多,藉此帶起音樂的情緒,或是將音樂推向新的段落,甚至是高潮部份。

莫扎特的第20號鋼琴協奏曲第1樂章,第353-356小節鋼琴部份,當中的顫音是以旋律小二度關係的E音和F音互相交替而成的。

注釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ Haluska, Jan (2003). The Mathematical Theory of Tone Systems, p.xxiv. ISBN 0-8247-4714-3. 19th harmonic, overtone minor tone.
  2. ^ Paul, Oscar (1885). A manual of harmony for use in music-schools and seminaries and for self-instruction页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, p.165. Theodore Baker, trans. G. Schirmer.
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小二度
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