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附庸.
附庸（英語：Vassal），又可翻译为封臣或陪臣，指的是一種在欧洲的封建制度下，向封建主效忠以获取领地与保护的下级，有著嚴格的契約關係，即使是領主也不能隨更改內容。
附庸与封建主之间是效忠与保护的关系。封建主将领地封给附庸，承认他们对领地的特权。作为交换，附庸向封建主宣誓效忠，且需要为封建主提供军事上的支持。如果附庸拒不履行义务，封建主有权将其领地收回[1][2][3]。
附庸一词可能與9世紀開始取代“福利”的新術語“封地”相關。
参考文献
- ^ 杭州大学. 《世界古代中世纪史》编写组. 世界古代中世纪史. 上海教育出版社. 1979: 166–167 [2019-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-13）.
- ^ Hughes, Michael. Early Modern Germany, 1477–1806, MacMillan Press and University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, p. 18. ISBN 0-8122-1427-7.
- ^ F. L. Ganshof, "Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne" Cambridge Historical Journal 6.2 (1939:147-75).
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