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对日照

智利甚大望遠鏡旁拍攝的黃道,可見照片中的對日照由頂部從左至右閃耀著

對日照(德語:Gegenschein德语发音:[ˈɡeːɡənʃaɪn],意為「反向的光」)是在夜晚的反日點出現的微弱光斑。它表現為沿著黃道帶方向的微弱卵形光斑,約有幾度寬,10-15°長。它非常暗淡,如果夜晚有月光或靠近銀河,就觀察不到了。

說明

黃道光一樣,對日照是陽光被行星際塵埃後向散射造成的現象。這些塵埃大多數都在黃道平面上環繞著,並且在地日系統的L2拉格朗日點- 有比較高的濃度[1]

它與黃道光的區別在這些塵埃粒子以高角度反射入射的陽光。當塵埃粒子在滿月相位時,日照強度會相對的提高[2],使它在背向太陽的黃道帶上形成微亮、橢圓形的輝光。

歷史

對日照是法國耶穌會的天文學家和教授Esprit Pezenas(法文)(1692-1776)在1730年首先發現的[3];德國的探險家亞歷山大·馮·洪堡在1799年至1803年在南美探險時做了進一步的觀測[3]。洪堡也會這種現象起了個德國名字:Gegenschein[3]

丹麥天文學家Theodor Brorsen在1854年發表對日照的第一次徹底調查[來源請求]

在現代社會,由於光汙染的緣故,在人類居住的地區幾乎完全都看不見對日照。

相關條目

  • 行星際塵雲
  • 地影
  • 草露寶光
  • 西瓦塞恩(Sylvanshine):一種光學現象,是被露水打溼的樹葉復歸反射的光束,例如車頭燈。
  • 柯迪萊夫斯基雲(Kordylewski cloud)
  • 衝日浪(Opposition surge):當光源來自觀測者背後時,來自粗糙表面或有許多顆粒物體的亮光。

參考資料

  1. ^ Kopal, Zdeněk. Communications on the Moon. New Scientist. June 14, 1962, (291): 573. 
  2. ^ Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal; Hiroichi Hasegawa. Origin and Evolution of Interplanetary Dust. International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 1991: 159. ISBN 0-7923-1365-8. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sheehan, William. The immortal fire within: the life and work of Edward Emerson Barnard. Cambridge University Press. 1995: 69–70. ISBN 0-521-44489-6. 

外部連結

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对日照
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