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富國魚露

富國島的魚露生產設施

富國魚露越南語Nước mắm Phú Quốc)是越南堅江省富國島生產的一種魚露[1]

工藝

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富國魚露已有近200年的發展歷史,19世紀末開始,富國島民就把魚露賣到柬埔寨、泰國,要找到製作魚露的原料非常困難,魚必須是在富國島海域捕撈的鳳尾魚,其發酵產物在魚露中的比例不低於95%,利用從巴地頭頓買來的不含明礬的滷鹽發酵[2]。鱼露的制作需要经过盐腌、发酵、成熟、抽滤和配制等五道环节,富國魚露的传统手工制作方式是將凤尾鱼和盐按3∶1的比例搅拌,发酵10-15个月後過濾出汁[3]。使用木桶腌制鱼露是富国鱼露制作的特色之一,富国島森林中的潺槁木姜子是用于制作鱼露桶的木材,鱼露桶直徑1.5-3m,高2-4m,可釀7-13噸魚。每個桶由8根繩子固定,每根繩子用120根藤編織而成,每個桶可使用長達​60年[4]。富國魚露色澤深沉,氣味清淡,加上蛋白質發酵的鹹甜味,總蛋白質能達到為42%,是自然加工的魚露中最高的[2][5]

保護

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富國岛有近100家鱼露制作厂,集中于阳东市鎮和安泰坊[3],魚露產能佔越南魚露的5-8%,即每年約1000-1200萬升[2]。由於大量捕撈,富國島周圍海域的漁業資源正在枯竭[6]。同時假冒產品泛濫和商標遭到搶注是富國魚露在市場上面臨的主要問題[2][7]。2001年,越南國家知識產權局認證了富國魚露的原產地商標,只有完全在富國島生產的魚露可以使用這個名稱[2]。2005年5月16日,越南漁業部發布了關於生產富國島原產地名稱魚露的暫行規定,只在富國灌裝的魚露才能標記產自富國[1]。2013年7月,富國魚露獲得歐盟原產地名稱保護认证,2021年5月,越南文化、体育与旅游部认定富国鱼露制作业為越南国家级非物质文化遗产[3]

參考來源

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Tiêu chuẩn Nước mắm Phú Quốc. Hiệp hội Sản xuất nước mắm Phú Quốc. [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-05). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nước mắm Phú Quốc: Chỉ 5-8% là hàng thật!. Hiệp hội Sản xuất Nước mắm Phú Quốc. [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-12). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 越南富国鱼露制作业被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录. 越通社. 2021-06-13 [2022-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-06). 
  4. ^ Nhà thùng Phú Quốc. Doanh nhân Sài Gòn. 2008-08-05 [2010-04-07]. [失效連結]
  5. ^ Nước mắm Phú Quốc: Mai này, ai nhớ...?!. Lao động. 2009-12-24 [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2009-12-27). 
  6. ^ Nước mắm Phú Quốc... kêu cứu!. Sài Gòn Giải Phóng. 2005-03-19 [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-08). 
  7. ^ LS. Điêu Ngọc Tuấn, Văn phòng luật sư Lê&Lê. Nước mắm xuất xứ Phú Quốc: Có thể bị từ chối đăng ký. Thời báo Kinh tế Sài Gòn. 2010-04-07 [2010-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-11). 
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富國魚露
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