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官生

官生,指中國明清科舉制度中,以官廕而入國子監讀書者,即廕監生恩監生

明朝

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明朝官員所請廕之子稱為官生。

  • 恩廕生:明初沿襲元朝任子制,文官一品至七品皆得廕一子以世受俸祿。成化三年(1467年)設限,在京三品以上官員才能請廕,當即授與職事或送監讀書。又稱「官生」。
  • 恩監生:由皇帝特許不按品級授與監生資格者。亦稱「官生」。

清朝

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  • 清朝科舉,
    • 恩廕生:順治二年(1645年)定在京文官四品、翰、詹、科道、外三品以上,武官二品以上,俱送一子入監。宗室、覺羅給廕送監者。稱「官生」。
    • 難廕生:因公務殉難者,廕一子入監者。稱「官生」。
    • 文武大臣子侄應鄉試者稱為「官生」,其試卷稱為「官卷」。
  • 南方各省土司有「土官生」。
  • 琉球安南暹羅藩屬國也配有外藩官生入監名額。
  • 欽天監的天文生也稱為「官生」。

參考文獻

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  • 明史》卷六十九·選舉志一
  • 清史稿》卷一百六·志八十一·選舉一
  • 大清會典事例》禮部·貢舉
  • 《欽定大清會典則例》卷六十六、六十七·貢舉
  • 《清史稿》卷四十五·志二十·時憲一
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官生
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