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安魂彌撒

弗朗茨·斐迪南大公的葬禮中舉行的安魂彌撒,1914年見於一份俄國報紙。

安魂彌撒(英語:Requiem Mass)一詞源自拉丁文Requiem(原意為「安息」),有以下涵义:

  1. 天主教會為悼念逝者舉行的彌撒,拉丁文也稱為“Missa pro Defunctis”,現多稱為殯葬彌撒。這種彌撒除了用作葬禮儀式,也是每年11月2日的諸靈節禮儀的一部分。天主教徒相信,為在煉獄中的逝者舉行彌撒,可縮短他們在煉獄的日子、令他們更早進入天國;但這個儀式並非必須。
  2. 指在安魂彌撒中所用的詩歌,稱為安魂彌撒曲,簡稱安魂曲Requiem),又稱鎮魂曲[1]。其所用的經文,有些也為一般彌撒所用,有些則專為安魂所用。
  3. 也用於稱正教會的追悼會,其儀式係為永眠者祈禱,因與天主教的Requiem相似而得名,但該用法鮮見於西歐日本以外。

安魂彌撒

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Requiem 一詞源自進堂詠(Introit)的首句:“Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine, et lux perpetua luceat eis.”(主啊,請賜予他們永恆的安息,讓永恆的光照耀他們。)安息彌撒與其他彌撒不同,省去如歡讚歌(Alleluia)等愉快的經文,增加了末日經(Dies Iræ)等經文。

安魂曲

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早期的可以追溯到中世纪的额我略平咏。后来许多作曲家写过安魂曲,例如亚历山德罗·斯卡拉蒂沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特加布里埃爾·佛瑞莫里斯·迪吕弗莱。 《安魂曲》通常由下述几个乐章组成:

  • 进堂咏(Introitus): Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine(主啊,賜予他們永恆的安息)...
  • 垂憐經(Kyrie): Kyrie, eleison(主,憐憫我們)...
  • 继抒咏(Sequentia):Dies iræ(震怒之日)...
  • 奉献經(Offertorium):Domine Jesu Christe, Rex gloriæ(主耶穌基督,榮耀之王)...
  • 聖三颂(Sanctus)和降福經(Benedictus)
  • 羔羊颂(Agnus Dei):Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi(神之羔羊,承擔舉世罪孽之人)...
  • 领主颂(Communio):Lux æterna luceat eis, Domine(主啊,賜永恆之光照耀他們)...
  • 救主頌(Libera Me):Libera me, Domine, de morte æterna(主啊,救我於永恆之亡歿)...
  • 往天經(In Paradisum):In paradisum deducant te Angeli(願天使領你前去天堂之樂園)...

後來「安魂曲」「鎮魂曲」之名稱逐漸見於其他形式的音樂作品,其中也不乏與宗教、儀式無關者。

參考資料

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  1. ^ 「鎮魂」是和製漢語,另外,日本有時會出現「鎮魂歌」讀作「レクイエム」(Rekuiemu,Requiem之音譯)。

参见

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外部連結

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安魂彌撒
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