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安第斯龍屬

安第斯龙属
化石时期:白堊紀後期,99.6–97 Ma
安第斯龍與人類的體型比較
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目: 蜥腳下目 Sauropoda
演化支 多孔椎龙类 Somphospondyli
演化支 泰坦巨龍類 Titanosauria
属: 安第斯龙属 Andesaurus
Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991
模式種
德氏安第斯龍
Andesaurus delgadoi

Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991

安第斯龍屬屬名Andesaurus,意為「安地斯山脈的蜥蜴」)是原始泰坦巨龍類恐龍的一個,生存於白堊紀南美洲。牠有著小型頭部與長頸部,及長度相近的尾巴。就如牠的其他近親,安第斯龍是一種非常大型的蜥腳下目恐龍

命名

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在1991年,古生物學家Jorge Calvo及約瑟·波拿巴(Jose Bonaparte)命名了安第斯龍,意指化石是從接近安第斯山脈的地方被發現。安第斯龍屬的模式種德氏安第斯龙A. delgadoi)則是以發現它的化石的亞历杭德羅·德尔加多(Alejandro Delgado)來命名[1]

化石及發現歷史

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安第斯龍的唯一已知化石是一個部分骨骼,包含了一列的4節後段背椎,以及分為兩段的27節尾椎。中段尾椎的椎體延長[2]。也有發現骨盆化石,例如坐骨恥骨,以及肋骨碎片、不完整的肱骨股骨

這些化石都是發現於阿根廷內烏肯省內的內烏肯組最老的地層:Candeleros地層。這個地層是白堊紀森諾曼階早期,約於1億到9700萬年前。這個地層的大部份都是網狀河沉積層,除了安第斯龍外,亦有發現其他恐龍,如鹫龙南方巨獸龍利邁河龍

分類

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安第斯龍有幾種原始的特徵,使得牠被認為是泰坦巨龍類的最原始物種。事實上,這個分支的定義包括了安第斯龍、薩爾塔龍、牠們的最近共同祖先、以及最近共同祖先的所有後代[3][4]。最明顯的祖徵性是尾椎的關節。在大部份進階的泰坦巨龍類恐龍,尾椎關節是球窩關節,而關節窩在前方。但安第斯龍的尾椎兩面都是平的,就像其他的非泰坦巨龍類恐龍。安第斯龍本身只有一個特徵,就是在其脊椎上高的神經棘,而這個特徵還須更多的研究[5]

一些發現於阿根廷的其他原始泰坦巨龍類恐龍,包括阿根廷龍普爾塔龍,都是蜥腳下目的巨型恐龍。而進階的泰坦巨龍類薩爾塔龍科,就包含了一些其他小型的蜥腳下目恐龍及薩爾塔龍本身。所以在泰坦巨龍類的原始物種最有可能是大型的恐龍[6]

參考

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  1. ^ Calvo, J.O. & Bonaparte, J.F. 1991. [Andesaurus delgadoi n. g. n. sp. (Saurischia, Sauropoda) a titanosaurid dinosaur from the Río Limay Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), Neuquén, Argentina.] Ameghiniana. 28: 303-310. [In Spanish]
  2. ^ Tidwell, V., Carpenter, K. & Meyer, S. 2001. New Titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. D. H. Tanke & K. Carpenter (eds.). Indiana University Press, Eds. D.H. Tanke & K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press. 139-165.
  3. ^ Salgado, L., Coria, R.A., & Calvo, J.O. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid Sauropods. I: Phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana. 34: 3-32.
  4. ^ Wilson, J.A. & Upchurch, P. 2003. A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria – Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1(3): 125–160.
  5. ^ Upchurch, P., Barrett, P.M, & Dodson, P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & Osmolska, H. (Eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 259-322.
  6. ^ Novas, F.E., Salgado, L., Calvo, J.O., & Agnolin, F. 2005. Giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Revista del Museum Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 7(1): 37-41.
  • Mannion, P. D. and Calvo, J. O., Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–early Cenomanian) Río Limay Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, no. doi: doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00699.x
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安第斯龍屬
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