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孟明視

孟明视
國家秦國
時代春秋
主君嬴任好(秦穆公)
百里
孟明
籍貫(今山西运城平陸县)人

孟明視(?—?),百里氏,名孟明春秋(今山西运城平陸县)人。秦國名相百里奚之子。秦穆公的主要將領。

秦穆公三十二年(前628年)冬天,與西乞術白乙丙奉命率師襲鄭國,途中遇到了要前往洛邑的鄭國商人弦高,弦高假託君命以牛犒師,孟明視等人以為鄭國已有防備,於是順道滅了滑国(今河南偃師西南),但途中遭遇晉國攻擊,三人在殽之戰中伏,被晉兵所擒,但在晉太后文嬴秦穆公之女、晉文公正妻)的干預之下,晉襄公將百里孟明、西乞術、白乙丙等三位將領釋放。先軫因之大怒,「不顧而唾」,襄公以袖掩面稱謝,未治其罪。後先軫在與狄人作戰時孤身「免胄」直入狄人陣中,戰死謝罪。

三人被釋归秦後,秦穆公向他们道歉,说是自己的过失。兩年後(前625年),孟明視要求秦穆公發兵去報崤山之仇。秦穆公答應了,派孟明視、西乞術、白乙丙三位大將軍率領四百輛兵車去攻打晉國。晉襄公派中軍帥先且居(先軫之子)前往抵禦。由於晉國做了充分準備,兩國軍隊在彭衙地方一交鋒,秦軍又打了敗仗,是為彭衙之戰。同年冬天,為進一步遏制秦國勢力東進,以鞏固晉國霸主地位,晉襄公命先且居率軍聯合宋、陳、鄭聯軍再度攻打秦國,相繼攻克秦邑汪及彭衙後撤兵,是為晉聯合諸侯攻秦之戰

前624年夏天,孟明視請秦穆公親征晉國。秦軍浩浩蕩盪,東渡黃河。孟明視在渡過黃河後把船燒掉,以表其決心,不勝則不班師回秦國。不久,秦軍擊敗了晉軍的地方部隊,奪得王官(今山西聞喜西)和郊,是為王官之戰。秦軍示威一番後,就回到昔日殽山戰場,埋葬並祭祀在殽之戰戰死的將士的屍骨,隨即班師回秦國。

其後秦國轉而向西方發展,秦國「兼國十二,開地千里」(《韓非子·十過篇》),在函谷關以西一帶稱霸,史稱「稱霸西戎」。周襄王派大臣召公賞給秦穆公十二隻銅鼓,承認他為西方的霸主。

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孟明視
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