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勃堇

勃堇女真語 /bə(g)i-in/),有時也譯作「孛堇」、「勃極烈」,女真语中“长官”的意思,是女真金國的部落首領,也即明代女真以及清朝時期的「貝勒」。

孛堇這個名稱是很早就有。《三朝北盟会编》卷18引《神麓记》:金獻祖完顏綏可「由是邻近,每有不平,皆诣所请,遂号『孛堇』,臣伏契丹。」《金史》記載:「皇五代祖孛堇[1]。」

女真建國時期,是實行民即兵的義務役役制。孛堇平時作為文官管理部落政事,戰時作為軍隊裏的軍官行軍打仗。金国的萬夫長稱「忒母勃堇」、千夫長稱「猛安勃堇」、百夫長稱「謀克勃堇」、五十夫長稱「蒲輦勃堇」。

注释及參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 金史》。皇五代祖即完顏綏可,从完顏阿骨打上溯五代的祖先。
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勃堇
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