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娘娘

娘娘(異體字型:孃孃[1])是漢語裡對女性的一種敬稱,一般用於稱呼皇后妃嬪公主皇族貴族女性,也是對女神的敬稱,如稱媽祖為「天后娘娘」,稱地母神后土為「后土娘娘」。而宋代之後由於觀世音菩薩中國多為女性形象,因此也被信眾稱為「觀音娘娘」。

明朝罗贯中历史小说《三国演义》中,东汉末年董太皇太后何太后被呼为“娘娘”,中国当代的古装影视剧也多称后妃为“娘娘”。但中国历史上可考的最早称后宫为“娘娘”的是宋仁宗,称母亲刘太后和养母杨太妃为“大娘娘”“小娘娘”[2][3],取“母亲”之意;宋神宗曾称曹太皇太后为“娘娘”,取“祖母”之意。

在部份地區,娘娘一詞也是對女性長輩的稱呼,西南地区(例:四川)、西北地区东部及长江三角洲部分地区(例:上海浦東)用作稱呼父亲的妹妹(姑姑),如郭沫若在《创造十年续篇》中就提到把從姑母稱為娘娘[4]。有时也指婶婶、邻家阿姨之类的女性长辈。而武汉黄陂則專指伯母婶娘。一些北方方言則用作稱呼伯母。四川一帶則稱呼所有與父母同輩的女性親屬。也有称孙女为娘娘的。

其他用法

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另外則是由於在粵語裡把一些刻意討好女性的男性稱為觀音兵,而被討好的女性則是觀音,亦即「觀音娘娘」。

電視劇

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 「娘」之異體(孃)解說/教育部異體字字典國家教育研究院
  2. ^ 皇宋通鉴长编纪事本末·卷第二十七》(大中祥符)七年,皇后以后宫李氏所生子为己子,使婉仪保视之。皇子于是生五年矣,故仁宗尝呼后为『大娘娘』,婉仪『小娘娘』。
  3. ^ 涑水记闻·卷八》上多苦风痰,章献禁虾蟹海物不得进御,章惠常藏弆以食之,曰:“太后何苦虐吾儿如此。”上由是怨章献而亲章惠,谓章献为大娘,章惠为小娘。及章献崩,尊章惠为太后,所以奉事曲尽恩意。
  4. ^ 郭沫若《创造十年续篇》八:“‘小娘子’是良才的从姑母,矮矮的身材,团团的面孔,看来只有十一二岁的光景……‘喔!’我叫着,‘没想出你这样小的娘娘”

參見

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娘娘
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