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娄机

婁機

娄机(1133年—1211年),字彦发嘉兴府(今浙江省嘉兴市)人。南宋大臣,宋宁宗时参知政事。宋代文字训诂学家。

曾祖娄亿,祖父亲娄乾耀,都担任将仕郎。父亲娄寿,宋高宗绍兴三十年(1160年)以奉议郎知崇安军事。娄机是宋孝宗乾道二年(1166年)进士。授盐官尉。为母丁忧,服除,改任含山主簿。调任於潜县丞,为江东提举司干办公事,转任淮东。淳熙十二年(1185年),改知西安县(今浙江省衢州市)。娄机居官以安民节财为重。宋光宗绍熙二年(1191年),通判饒州。改任干办诸司审计司。庆元六年(1200年),转任宗正寺主簿,为太常博士。嘉泰元年(1201年),担任秘书郎,兼资善堂小学,请续编《中兴馆阁书目》。转任右曹郎官、秘书省著作郎。升右正言兼侍讲,首论广蓄人才,以备缓急。进升为太常少卿兼权中书舍人韩侂胄计划北伐金朝,他上书极论不可,于是以言事去职。韩侂胄被诛,宋宁宗召娄机为吏部侍郎兼太子左庶子,转任礼部尚书给事中嘉定元年(1208年)上书三事:成纪纲、固邦本、壮国威。于是擢升同知枢密院事兼太子宾客,进参知政事。告老,以资政殿学士致仕,提举洞霄宫。卒后,赠金紫光禄大夫

娄机家藏碑版图籍丰富。深于书学,博览穷读,精研文字。著有《汉隶字源》、《班马字类》、《广干禄字书》。《班马字类》五类,取司马迁史记》、班固汉书》所用古字、僻字,以张守节史记正义》、司马贞史记索隐》以及《西汉音义》、《集韵》诸书订正,按四声编排。考证训诂,辨音释义,都很详尽。《汉隶字源》六卷,收录东汉碑刻及、刀、等铭文。共收汉碑309种,魏晋碑31种,各记其时代地点、书人姓名。依《广韵》韵目编排,每字以楷书立目,下面以隶书标注,有数体的一并罗列。是研究隶书及汉字演变的重要参考。

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娄机
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