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威百亩

威百亩[1]
Ball-and-stick model of the component ions of metham sodium
IUPAC名
甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠
Sodium methylcarbamodithioate
别名 维巴姆、保丰收、百亩钠
识别
CAS号 137-42-8  checkY
PubChem 5366415
ChemSpider 2273119
SMILES
 
  • [Na+].[S-]C(=S)NC
性质
化学式 C2H4NNaS2
摩尔质量 129.18 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

威百亩(英语:Metam sodium 或 Metam),学名:N-甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠,化学式:CH
3
NHCS
2
Na,是一种兼有杀菌和除草作用的硫代异硫氰酸甲酯类杀线虫剂,俗称:维巴姆保丰收,1954年由美国斯托弗化学公司英语Stauffer Chemical开发[2]。纯威百亩为白色二水合物,但通常市售为其水溶液[3]

该物质在潮湿土壤中能分解产生异硫氰酸甲酯,从而杀死线虫真菌、土居昆虫、杂草等生物,因此多于播种前被施用于土壤中,以作杀虫和除草之用[4]

威百亩是美国使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一,2001年约消耗了60,000,000英磅(27,000公噸)[5]

制备与性质

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威百亩由甲胺二硫化碳氢氧化钠反应得到[3]

CH
3
NH
2
+ CS
2
+ NaOH → CH
3
NHCS
2
Na + H
2
O

也可以由异硫氰酸甲酯硫氢化钠反应得到[1]

暴露在环境中时,威百亩会分解形成异硫氰酸甲酯和其他含硫化合物[6]

安全性和环境危害

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威百亩对人、畜低毒,大白鼠急性口服LD50为820 mg/kg,对眼和黏膜有刺激[2]

威百亩容易分解形成异硫氰酸甲酯和二硫化碳,因此本身在环境中不会存在太久[6]。1991年,一列隶属美国南太平洋运输公司的列车在沙斯塔湖英语Shasta Lake上游的萨克拉门托河边失事出轨,其中一个载有19,000美制加侖(72,000公升)威百亩的车廂损毀后发生泄漏,使附近41英里(66公里)河段内的数以百万计鱼类及数以十万计树木死亡。有关地区的虹鳟种群直至2005年被确认完全恢复[7]

相关条目

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 默克索引第11版, 5860.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会农药卷编辑委员会. 中国农业百科全书编辑部 , 编. 中国农业百科全书 农药卷. 北京: 农业出版社. 1993: 386–387. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Hartwig, Jürgen; Sommer, Herbert; Müller, Franz. Nematicides. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 2008. ISBN 978-3527306732. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_125.pub2 (英语). 
  4. ^ 农业大词典编辑委员会 (编). .农业大词典. 北京: 中国农业出版社. 1998: 1730. 
  5. ^ 2000-2001 Pesticide Market Estimates. 美国国家环境保护局. [2024-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-07) (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Bretaudeau Deguigne M, Lagarce L, Boels D, Harry P. Metam sodium intoxication: the specific role of degradation products--methyl isothiocyanate and carbon disulphide--as a function of exposure.. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011, 49 (5): 416–22. PMID 21740140. doi:10.3109/15563650.2011.585472 (英语). 
  7. ^ 20th Anniversary of Largest Chemical Spill in California History. dtsc.ca.gov. [2024-07-03]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-30) (英语). 

外部链接

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  • 威百亩 in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
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威百亩
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