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威尔逊定理

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威尔逊定理是以英格兰数学家爱德华·华林的学生约翰·威尔逊命名的,尽管这对师生都未能给出证明。华林于1770年提出该定理,1771年由拉格朗日首次证明[1]

初等数论中,威尔逊定理给出了判定一个自然数是否为質數充分必要条件。即:当且仅当为質數时:

证明

充分性

如果 不是質數,那么它的正因数必然包含在整数 中,因此 ,所以不可能得到

必要性

是質數,取集合 , 则构成模乘法的缩系,即任意 ,存在 ,使得:

這幾乎說明中的元素恰好两两配对。僅有滿足

的元素是例外。

上式解得

其余两两配对,故而

不是質數且大于4, 则易知有

故而

推論

可以藉此推論如下:

參考文獻

  1. ^ Joseph Louis Lagrange. Demonstration d'un théorème nouveau concernant les nombres premiers [某條質數新定理的證明]. Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres (Berlin). 1771, 2: 125–137 [2021-11-08]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-11) (法语). 
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威尔逊定理
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