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姪子樞機

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亞歷山大·法爾內塞教宗保祿三世的姪子樞機

姪子樞機拉丁語Cardinalis nepos[1]義大利語Cardinale nipote[2];西班牙語:valido de su tío;法語:Prince de fortune[3])是中世紀的一種樞機任命慣例,指以教宗姪子外甥及類似親戚關係而被任命為樞機者。由於教宗的神職人員身分不允許有後裔,因此姪子樞機可說是教宗所能找到的血源最相近的晚輩,也可說是他的親信。因此在一段時期中許多重要職務都會由姪子樞機擔當。事實上英文中的nepotism裙帶關係)就是從這種任人唯親的行為中引申而來的。[4]

姪子樞機在17世紀時於聖座歷史占有極大的影響力,聖座國土總監一職於1566年至1692年期間都是由姪子樞機職掌,以至於這兩個專有名詞被視為同義詞。爾後隨著教會的改革及聖座的世俗權力降低,姪子樞機也逐漸失權。最後教宗諾森十二世於1692年發布了宗座詔書《相稱於羅馬教宗英语Romanum decet pontificem》,宣布由聖座國務樞機卿取代姪子樞機一職才禁止了這種做法,但是後繼教宗仍然有任命姪子樞機,只是數量明顯減少。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Cardinale, Hyginus Eugene. 1976. The Holy See and the International Order. Maclean-Hunter Press. p. 133.
  2. ^ Burckhardt, Jacob, and Middlemore, Samuel George Chetwynd. 1892. The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy. Sonnenschein. p. 107.
  3. ^ Signorotto and Visceglia, 2002, p. 114. Modern French scholarly literature uses the term "cardinal-neveu页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆".
  4. ^ 英文字彙的故事-N. [永久失效連結]
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姪子樞機
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