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委任 (法律).
委任(英語:mandate)是一種契约類型,意指一方給付金錢予另一方處理特定事務,前者稱為「委任人」,後者則稱作「受任人」。需注意的是,委任、委託和委辦等字詞雖然在字面上為類似的概念,但在法律上卻不一定具有相同的意義。
委任指的是民事法中以一方給付勞務、另一方支付報酬的一種契约關係,是一種不要式的債權行為,因此委任契約的種類可說是相當廣泛而多元。然而,在部分國家的法律裡,可能會對委任的概念進行限縮,例如《中華民國民法》即將委任契約的類型排除於僱傭和承攬之外;雖係以提供勞務為目的,但委任人與受任人間並不具備從屬關係,也無須完成一定的工作成果。
常見的委任契約類型包括委任律師、代购商品等,至於外送服務等人力派遣行業則是存在爭議[1]。
委任經常與另一法律概念「代理」(agency)混淆。委任乃私法契约之一種,需委任人與受任人雙方間意思表示合致,否則法律行為無法成立,是屬於雙向的契約行為;而代理權的授予則是單獨行為,不需要代理人與本人(即被代理者)間意思合致。因此,委任契約有可能是透過授予代理權來進行,例如旅行社替遊客代辦證件,即是委任人(遊客)授予其代理權給受任人(旅行社);但是在代理關係中,代理人與本人之間並不一定存在委任契約,亦有可能是其他類型的契約,或甚至根本不存在契約關係。
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