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奥古斯特·施莱谢尔

奧古斯特·施萊謝爾
August Schleicher
出生(1821-02-19)1821年2月19日
萨克森-迈宁根迈宁根
(今 德国图林根
逝世1868年12月6日(1868歲—12—06)(47歲)
萨克森-魏玛-艾森纳赫耶拿
(今 德国图林根
主要领域
印欧学
影响于
  • August Leskien

奥古斯特·施莱谢尔(德語:August Schleicher,1821年2月19日—1868年12月6日)是一名德国语言学家,出生在德国迈宁根(法兰克福魏玛连线的正中间)。

施莱谢尔是自然主义语言学派的创立者,他重视语言的规律性和客观性,但把语言看成是一个有机体,认为语言也和有机体一样有生长、成熟和衰老期,认为生物学的术语都可以用于语言研究上,如:基因等。把语言学看成是自然科学,以生物学原则研究语言的发展和分类。他宣称在还没有读过达尔文的名著“物种起源”以前,自己就已经发现了语言的遗传和自然竞争现象。他发明了一种按照植物分类法则对语言的谱系分类方式,并按照生物进化树的方式排列各种语言。他是第一位提出“语言进化”观念的人。他以这种方法推搠古印欧语对历史比较语言学有一定的贡献。是语言谱系树理论的提出者。按新的语法概念来重新审视世界语言并做出的分类:孤立语粘着语屈折语

他的主要著作有:《以系统的观点看欧洲语言》(Die Sprachen Europas in systematischer Übersicht),《达尔文学说和语言学》等。

參考文獻

  • Salomon Lefmann英语Salomon Lefmann: August Schleicher. Skizze. Leipzig (1870)
  • Joachim Dietze: August Schleicher als Slawist. Sein Leben und Werk in der Sicht der Indogermanistik. Berlin, Akademie Verlag (1966)
  • Konrad Körner: Linguistics and evolution theory (Three essays by August Schleicher, Ernst Haeckel and Wilhelm Bleek英语Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek). Amsterdam-Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company (1983)
  • Liba Taub: Evolutionary Ideas and "Empirical" Methods: The Analogy Between Language and Species in the Works of Lyell and Schleicher. British Journal for the History of Science 26, S. 171–193 (1993)
  • Theodeor Syllaba: August Schleicher und Böhmen. Prague, Karolinum (1995). ISBN 80-7066-942-X

外部連結

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奥古斯特·施莱谢尔
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