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奢崇明

奢崇明(?—1629年),明朝天启贵州的永宁(今四川叙永)宣抚使,乃水西(今贵州黔西)宣慰使安位之舅。

生平

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萬曆三十六年(1608年),永寧宣撫使奢效忠去世,其獨子奢崇周又卒,遂由其弟奢進忠之子奢崇明繼位。此時水西土司安疆臣去世無子,由鎮雄土官安堯臣繼任水西土司。安堯臣占據著鎮雄,試圖控制永寧之地,多次派鎮雄土兵支持自己的妻弟奢崇禮爭奪永寧宣撫使之位。在四川省撫臣的提議下,明廷免去安堯臣的鎮雄土官之職,讓他回到水西。[1]

萬曆四十一年(1613年),安堯臣去世,其子安位繼任水西土司,由母親奢社輝攝政。奢社輝雖然是奢崇明的妹妹,但永寧和水西還是發生爭奪土地的事件,互相仇殺。

天启元年(1621年),奢崇明趁明朝与后金作战之机起兵反明,杀巡抚徐可求[2],建年号瑞应[3]。安位的族叔安邦彦也與之勾結,占據水西反叛,自称罗甸王,史稱奢安之亂。叛軍一度占领重庆,分兵陷合江、纳溪、泸州,在攻成都時,使用呂公車。天启三年(1623年),被明朝名将秦良玉等击败,退守永宁,投靠安邦彦。安邦彥破烏撒衛,指揮管良相自焚死。[4]崇祯元年(1628年),奢崇明自称大梁王,安邦彦为四裔大长老。次年,在永宁遇朱燮元攻擊,奢崇明與安邦彦皆战死,崇祯三年(1630年),安位投降。

注釋

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  1. ^ 陈棣芳. 彝汉文合璧《水西安氏族谱》笺证与解读. 中央民族大学出版社. 2017年: 116-117. ISBN 9787566014184. 
  2. ^ 谷應泰,《明史紀事本末》(卷69):“時以邊事急,徵四方兵,崇明遂上疏請提兵三萬赴援,遣其將樊龍、樊虎以兵至重慶。四川巡撫徐可求點核,汰其老弱發餉,餉復弗繼,龍等遂鼓眾反。龍走馬舞槊,直刺可求,可求死,遂一擁而上。”
  3. ^ 李崇智. 中国历代年号考. 北京: 中华书局. 2004年12月. ISBN 7101025129. 
  4. ^ 《威宁志》载:“熹宗天启元年,乌撒土府安效良叛附安邦彦。效良率夷围乌撤卫城,卫官率军拒守,九月,援绝城陷,指挥管良相等阁家举火自焚,军民残杀殆尽,城楼、官署、学宫、祠庙、附郭、军屯,尽力焚毁,复东出攻陷军屯,野马川被祸尤惨,其时,野马川之百户戍兵尽驱入干河桥之前山洞内,用火烧死之。”

参考文献

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奢崇明
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