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奇电子分子.
奇电子分子是指中心原子价层电子数为奇数的分子,它们通常用两种方式来使自身稳定[1]。
首先是成键轨道或非键轨道未填满,例如氢分子离子H2+、二氧化氮可以形成单电子键、三电子键等等。它们可以得电子、失电子或双聚形成较稳定的分子[2]:
![{\displaystyle {\rm {H_{2}^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow H_{2))))](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3ddfd41f88d7da1afe2d5b391100e5288df24dd3)
![{\displaystyle {\rm {NO_{2}-e^{-}\rightarrow NO_{2}^{+))))](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c6877e49825cf785411538e73a9055785985722b)
![{\displaystyle {\rm {2NO_{2}\rightarrow N_{2}O_{4))))](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/edcaa288b7e0d622eb669d6e8b3ba04da69bca3c)
其次是反键轨道上电子不成对,例如常见的氧分子就是一个含2个不成对电子的分子,尽管它的总电子数为偶数。
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