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天朝田亩制度

天朝田亩制度》是太平天国定都天京后,于1853年颁布的一个政策綱領。它是太平天国的基本纲领,其基本内容是关于土地改革制度,同時提及中央及地方政制,还涉及经济制度。天朝田亩制度從沒有正式在太平天國統治地區實施。

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《天朝田亩制度》与共产主义思想有相似性,其基本内容可以归纳为以下几个方面,其中土地制度是根本,是诸种制度所依托的基础,也是《天朝田亩制度》的精华所在:

  1. 关于土地制度。《天朝田亩制度》包含两个内容:一是划分土地质量的等级标准;二是土地分配的原则和方法。《天朝田亩制度》把天下田亩按其产量多寡,分为三类九等。以期建立一個「有田同耕,有飯同食,有衣同穿,有錢同使,無處不均勻,無人不飽暖」的理想社會。
  2. 关于生活物资的分配制度。
  3. 关于农村的社会组织制度。太平天国对农村的社会组织,按照太平军编制进行了改组,即以军、师、旅、卒、两司马为编制。
  4. 关于各级职官的保举与黜陟制度。太平天国的各级职官,分为朝内、军中和地方乡官三种。规定每年一保举,三年一升贬。
  5. 关于教育。太平天国的教育是以宗教形式进行,每二十五家设一礼拜堂,礼拜堂兼学校。
  6. 关于司法。《天朝田亩制度》规定每军设“典刑法”官二人,一正一副,以师帅、旅帅兼任。不过,民间凡有民刑讼事,开始还是由两司马调理,如不能平息,则逐级复审。
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天朝田亩制度
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