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大長秋

大長秋是中国古代内侍职官之一,主要由宦官担任,是负责皇后宫中事务的主要职官。

概述

[编辑]

周制,王后六宮,每宮卿二人,則十二人也。 秦制设“将行”,为皇后卿。西汉景帝中元六年(前144年)改将行為大長秋[1]长秋是汉代皇后所居宫名。[2]大长秋随皇后出入,宣達皇后旨意,并执掌皇后宫中与汤沐邑的收支,因此是后宫重要人物之一。汉制二千石,且多有积功封侯者。西晋北魏等历代都设大长秋,隋炀帝曾改内侍省为长秋监。[3]

西汉初大长秋可以用宦官,也可以用士人,但是逐渐多用宦官,至东汉有记载姓名的大长秋基本全部是宦官。如曹操的养祖父曹腾即曾担任大长秋。

相关

[编辑]

汉制有皇太后居长乐宫,太皇太后居长信宫,分设长乐少府、长信少府,职权等同于大长秋,但是地位在大长秋之上。

西汉亦沿秦制设詹事,兼掌皇后、太子宫事,但至汉成帝时废置,职权归属大长秋。

元代徽政院中政院分別掌管皇后皇太后的宮中事務。

注釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ 《汉书·百官公卿表上》:“将行,秦官。景帝中六年更名大长秋,或用中人,或用士人。”
  2. ^ 《后汉书·皇后纪上·明德马皇后》:“永平三年春,有司奏立长秋宫,帝未有所言。”李贤注:“皇后所居宫也。长者久也,秋者万物成孰之初也,故以名焉。请立皇后,不敢指言,故以宫称之。”
  3. ^ 《通典·职官九》
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大長秋
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