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大沙头

1942年“广州市全图”,当时广九鐵路「大沙頭站」与大沙头岛相对

大沙頭,是广州市一个已消失的江心小岛,位于广州市越秀区白云路以东、二沙岛西北面,原为珠江泥沙淤积形成的江心沙洲,因泥沙淤积和人工筑堤,已成為珠江北岸一部份,只餘下「二沙頭(即二沙島)」。

历史

大沙頭未成形前,著名的羊城三石(海印、海珠浮丘)之一的海印石,就位於廣九大馬路以南附近[1]。金光祖在康熙十三年(1674)所撰的《廣東通志》,描述海印石“兀立風濤之顛,自成一島”。可見這裡還是魚龍悲嘯,煙水蒼茫之處。明萬曆年間,石上有海印閣,清嘉慶時改建為京觀樓。同治時又改建成炮臺(稱東定炮臺或東水炮臺),是廣州城東的江防重地。清代時歸屬廣州府番禺縣水師提標後營管轄,附近有停泊鹽船數十艘[2]

後來由於珠江江岸南移,從東濠沖下來的泥沙在海印石周圍淤積,慢慢形成陸地。清光緒三十一年(1905),海印石與築橫沙終於連成一片,漸有民居,人稱“大沙頭”。光緒三十三年(1907)在東濠口架設鐵橋,把東堤與築橫沙連起。

1911年竣工的广九铁路华段终点站所在地位于此地,大沙头站直至20世纪70年代初都是广州市内规模最大的铁路客运站。1917年7月,孙中山在今大沙头三马路、大沙头四马路一带兴建大沙头机场,用于飞行训练,后在机场附近建造广东航空学校、广东飞机制造厂。20世纪60年代在此兴建大沙头码头,一度成为广东省内河旅客转运的枢纽,2000年后改建为大沙头游船码头。

另見

参考

  1. ^ 大沙头:一曲弦歌唱大江页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 广州文史
  2. ^ 廣東海圖說·大沙頭 張之洞 廣雅書局 1889
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大沙头
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