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大梁城

大梁城,位于今河南省开封市西北。战国时期魏国都城魏惠王遷都至此。大梁为魏都凡一百三十八年,是其交通枢纽和商业中心。商鞅苏秦张仪孙膑庞涓吴起等名人都曾在大梁受教育或从事活动。

南北朝后,通称开封为大梁,五代后梁后晋后汉后周北宋均定都于此地。

歷史

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公元前430年魏文侯已把首都从安邑(今山西省夏县)迁至洹水(今河北省魏县)。颜师古在《汉书·地理志》中引文颖注云:「毕万封魏,今河东、河北县,后为秦逼,徙都今魏郡魏县」。

竹书纪年》记载魏惠王九年(前361年),《史记》记载为魏惠王三十一年(前349年),魏惠王迁魏都于此,并筑梁城。为区别于少梁(今陕西省韩城市)和南梁(今河南省临汝县),命名为“大梁”。又因城北的人工沟渠浚仪渠(浚水),称浚仪。南宋郑樵通志·都邑略》言:「魏都魏地,迁于大梁。」。定都大梁翌年,魏惠王命人开挖鸿沟,連繫当时的黄河淮河。前354年和前353年,齐国两次进攻魏国都城大梁,围魏救赵

战国时期,秦兵数次围攻大梁。《史记·魏公子列传》記载,當時范睢受魏國迫害,拜相於秦國,因為怨恨魏齐的緣故,秦兵围大梁,攻破魏國华阳的部隊,逼退了芒卯。又記:“秦闻公子死,使蒙骜攻魏,拔二十城,初置东郡。其后秦稍蚕食魏,十八岁而虏魏王,屠大梁。”

秦始皇二十二年、魏王假三年(前225年),秦国将军王贲领兵攻魏。秦军决鸿沟,灌大梁城,三月而城坏,魏王假请降,魏国灭亡。秦国在此地置浚仪县

由于黄河屡次决口,开封地下埋有六座古代城池,大梁城约距现在地表12至14米深,汴州城约距地表10至12米深,东京城约距地表8至10米深,金汴京城约距地表6米深,明开封城约距地表5至6米深,清开封城约距地表3米深,距地表12至14米,具体范围尚未查明。据考証研究,应与现存的开封城墙部分重合,稍偏西北。

参考资料

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  • 《史记·魏世家》
  • 《史记·魏公子列传》

外部链接

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大梁城
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