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多重线性映射

线性代数中,多重线性映射是有多个向量变量而对每个变量都是线性的函数

n个变量的多线性映射也叫做n重线性映射。

如果所有变量属于同一个空间,可以考虑对称、反对称和交替的n重线性映射。后两个是一致的,如果底层的环(或域)有不同于二的特征,否则前两个是一致的。

一般讨论可见多重线性代数

例子

  • 在实数域上的内积(点积)是两个变量的对称双线性函数,
  • 矩阵的行列式方矩阵的列(或行)的斜对称多重线性函数。
  • 矩阵的迹数方矩阵的列(或行)的多重线性函数。
  • 双线性映射是多重线性映射。

n×n矩阵上多重线性映射

可以考虑在有单位元的交换环K上的n×n矩阵上的多重线性函数为矩阵的行(或等价说列)上的函数。设A是这样的矩阵而, 1 ≤ inA的行。则多重线性函数D可以写为

满足

如果我们设表示单位矩阵的第j行,我们用下列方法表示

利用D的多线性我们重写DA)为

继续这种代换于每个我们得到,对于1 ≤ in

所以D(A)是唯一的决定自它如何运算于上。

2×2矩阵的情况下我们得到

这裡的。如果我们限制D是交替函数,则。设我们得到在2×2矩阵上行列式函数:

性质

多重线性映射有零值,只要它的一个参数是零。

对于n>1,唯一的也是线性映射的n-线性映射是零函数

参见

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多重线性映射
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